Recent progress in the development of type II interband cascade lasers

Wavelength Tuning of Interband Cascade Lasers Based on the Stark Effect

“…The latter, in turn, affects the laser wavelength tuning above threshold. 4 The latter had an active region with type II Wlike quantum wells and contained no special tunnel barriers for charge accumulation.…”

High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infrared interband cascade lasers

“…Type-II ''W'' structures [1] with conventional diode [2][3][4][5] and ICL [6][7][8][9] configurations are currently the leading semiconductor sources for intermediate mid-IR wavelengths. Since the ICL effectively trades a higher operating voltage for lower current, it tends to be the more advantageous whenever the series resistance is nonnegligible.…”

Molecular beam epitaxy growth and characterization of mid-IR type-II “W” diode lasers

“…While the electrical properties of subsequent devices ͑with = 3.25-3.56 m at the maximum operating temperature͒ improved somewhat, 11,12 turn-on voltages ͑V th ͒ were still on the order of 1 V, and T max was only slightly higher for pulsed ͑220-260 K͒ than for cw ͑185-195 K͒ operation. Interband cascade lasers with 15-25 stages of the W active region have recently lased cw up to 214 K ͑ = 3.4 m͒ 13 and 217 K ͑ = 3.2 m͒. 14 The cascade devices have displayed voltage efficiencies as high as 96%, 13 i.e., eV th was only slightly larger than the energy gap multiplied by the number of stages.…”

“…Interband cascade lasers with 15-25 stages of the W active region have recently lased cw up to 214 K ͑ = 3.4 m͒ 13 and 217 K ͑ = 3.2 m͒. 14 The cascade devices have displayed voltage efficiencies as high as 96%, 13 i.e., eV th was only slightly larger than the energy gap multiplied by the number of stages. Clearly, single-stage W diodes should similarly benefit from more efficient electrical injection.…”