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Lifetimes and Auger coefficients for type-II W interband cascade lasers are deduced from correlations of the experimental threshold current densities and slope efficiencies with calculated threshold carrier densities and optical gains. The room-temperature Auger coefficients for a number of low-threshold devices emitting at wavelengths from 2.9 to 4.1 μm fall in the narrow range of (3–5)×10−28 cm6/s, which represents a much stronger suppression of Auger decay than was implied by most earlier experiments and theoretical projections. The Auger coefficient is nearly independent of the thicknesses and compositions of the layers in the W active region.
A ten-stage interband cascade laser emitting at 3.3–3.6μm exhibits a voltage drop only 4% above the theoretical minimum, and operates to room temperature in pulsed mode. At 78K, a five-stage device mounted epitaxial-side-up with coated facets has a maximum cw wallplug efficiency of 21%, and a second device produces up to 1.1W of cw power.
We demonstrate a surface-emitting photonic-crystal distributed-feedback laser, emitting at λ≈3.7μm from an antimonide type-II “W” active region. While single-mode operation was not achieved, the spectral emission linewidth for cw optical pumping was only 1.3Å. For pulsed operation with a pump-spot diameter of 0.8mm, 60% of the nearly circular output beam was transmitted through an aperture with an angular diameter approximately five times that of a Gaussian emitted beam, assuming that the emission area and pump area are the same.
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