Recent Progress in the Development of Liver Fluke and Blood Fluke Vaccines

McManus, Donald P.

doi:10.3390/vaccines8030553

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…The current state of research regarding vaccinations against Fasciola spp. has recently been reviewed by McManus [ 48 ]. The most promising vaccine candidates so far have been various cathepsin L proteases, leucine aminopectidase, haemoglobin and peroxiredoxin.…”

Section: Fasciolidae With Emphasis On the Common Liver Flukementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although efficacies as high as 75–90% were observed in some trials particularly using the leucine aminopeptidase antigen [ 49 , 50 , 51 ], there was a high variability between trials. However, that might be due to the use of different adjuvants and a lower efficacy of recombinant antigens compared to that of native antigens purified from somatic fluke proteins or excretory/secretory material [ 48 ]. Current data also suggest that a combination of several antigens does not lead to a higher level of protection compared to the efficacy of a single antigen in a vaccine [ 48 ].…”

Section: Fasciolidae With Emphasis On the Common Liver Flukementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, that might be due to the use of different adjuvants and a lower efficacy of recombinant antigens compared to that of native antigens purified from somatic fluke proteins or excretory/secretory material [ 48 ]. Current data also suggest that a combination of several antigens does not lead to a higher level of protection compared to the efficacy of a single antigen in a vaccine [ 48 ]. Despite the high variability of genomes between different Fasciola isolates, the variability of antigens used in vaccines was low suggesting that this does not contribute to variability in vaccination efficacy [ 52 ].…”

Section: Fasciolidae With Emphasis On the Common Liver Flukementioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Wasting Due to Liver and Rumen Flukes in Sheep

Kahl

Samson‐Himmelstjerna

Krücken

et al. 2021

Animals

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Grazing sheep and goats are constantly exposed to helminth infections in many parts of the world, including several trematode species that causes a range of clinical diseases. The clinical picture of flukes is dependent upon the organs in which they develop and the tissues they damage within the respective organs. Accordingly, infections with the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, which, as juvenile worm migrates through the liver parenchyma for several weeks, may be associated with hepatic disorders such as impairment of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, followed by chronic wasting. In contrast, the lancet fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum, which does not exhibit tissue migration and thus does not lead to major tissue damage and bleeding, also does not lead to significant clinical symptoms. Rumen flukes such as Cotylophoron daubneyi cause catarrhal inflammation during their migration through the intestinal and abomasal epithelium during its juvenile stages. Depending on the infection intensity this may result in a range of clinical symptoms including diarrhoea, inappetence or emaciation. In this review, we aim to provide an update on the current knowledge on flukes particularly concerning the clinical relevance of the most important fluke species in sheep.

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Section: Fasciolidae With Emphasis On the Common Liver Flukementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fasciolidae With Emphasis On the Common Liver Flukementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fasciolidae With Emphasis On the Common Liver Flukementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chronic Wasting Due to Liver and Rumen Flukes in Sheep

Kahl

Samson‐Himmelstjerna

Krücken

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…The SmGSP 15 amino acid-long T cell peptide was obtained from the Smp_136730 sequence, a peptidase from the A1 subfamily. Peptidases have been widely used for designing linear and conformational cathepsin-derived epitopes [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. SmTNP belongs to an N-acetyl galactosaminyl transferase involved in o-glycan biosynthesis using calcium and magnesium ions as cofactors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T Cell Peptides Derived from Invasive Stages of Schistosoma mansoni as Potential Schistosomiasis Vaccine

López‐Abán

Vicente

Kabbas-Piñango

et al. 2021

JCM

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Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects 143 million people in endemic countries. This work analyzed overexpressed sequences from the cercaria phase to the early schistosomulum phase using bioinformatics tools to predict host interaction and selected proteins for predicting T cell epitopes. The final peptides were chemically synthesized, and their toxicity was evaluated in vitro. Peptides were formulated in the Adjuvant Adaptation (ADAD) vaccination system and injected into BALB/c mice that were challenged with S. mansoni cercariae to assess protection and immunogenicity. A total of 39 highly expressed S.mansoni proteins were identified as being of potential interest. Three T cell peptides predicted to bind MHC mouse and human class II were synthesized and formulated for vaccination. SmGSP and SmIKE reduced the number of eggs trapped in the liver by more than 50% in challenged BALB/c mice. The liver of mice vaccinated with either SmGSP or SmTNP had a significantly reduced affected liver surface. Transcriptome-based T cell peptides elicit partial protection and could be candidates for a multiantigen vaccine.

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“…S. japonicum is responsible for intestinal and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in China, the Philippines, and Indonesia; S. haematobium determines urogenital schistosomiasis in Africa and in some countries of the Arabian Peninsula (it has also recently emerged on the French island of Corsica); S. mansoni causes intestinal and hepatic disease in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Latin America [ 43 ]. Praziquantel (PZQ) discovered in the 1970s, is the only drug available for the treatment of schistosomiasis [ 44 ]; no schistosomiasis vaccines have been accepted for public use yet [ 45 ]. Despite many benefits of PZQ, most notably its high efficacy and excellent tolerability, the drug has important disadvantages, above all its inefficacy against juvenile schistosomes.…”

Section: Diarylureas With Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarylureas: Repositioning from Antitumor to Antimicrobials or Multi-Target Agents against New Pandemics

et al. 2021

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Antimicrobials have allowed medical advancements over several decades. However, the continuous emergence of antimicrobial resistance restricts efficacy in treating infectious diseases. In this context, the drug repositioning of already known biological active compounds to antimicrobials could represent a useful strategy. In 2002 and 2003, the SARS-CoV pandemic immobilized the Far East regions. However, the drug discovery attempts to study the virus have stopped after the crisis declined. Today’s COVID-19 pandemic could probably have been avoided if those efforts against SARS-CoV had continued. Recently, a new coronavirus variant was identified in the UK. Because of this, the search for safe and potent antimicrobials and antivirals is urgent. Apart from antiviral treatment for severe cases of COVID-19, many patients with mild disease without pneumonia or moderate disease with pneumonia have received different classes of antibiotics. Diarylureas are tyrosine kinase inhibitors well known in the art as anticancer agents, which might be useful tools for a reposition as antimicrobials. The first to come onto the market as anticancer was sorafenib, followed by some other active molecules. For this interesting class of organic compounds antimicrobial, antiviral, antithrombotic, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties have been reported in the literature. These numerous properties make these compounds interesting for a new possible pandemic considering that, as well as for other viral infections also for CoVID-19, a multitarget therapeutic strategy could be favorable. This review is meant to be an overview on diarylureas, focusing on their biological activities, not dwelling on the already known antitumor activity. Quite a lot of papers present in the literature underline and highlight the importance of these molecules as versatile scaffolds for the development of new and promising antimicrobials and multitarget agents against new pandemic events.

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Recent Progress in the Development of Liver Fluke and Blood Fluke Vaccines

Cited by 35 publications

References 93 publications

Chronic Wasting Due to Liver and Rumen Flukes in Sheep

Chronic Wasting Due to Liver and Rumen Flukes in Sheep

T Cell Peptides Derived from Invasive Stages of Schistosoma mansoni as Potential Schistosomiasis Vaccine

Diarylureas: Repositioning from Antitumor to Antimicrobials or Multi-Target Agents against New Pandemics

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