Chronic Wasting Due to Liver and Rumen Flukes in Sheep

Kahl, Alexandra; Samson‐Himmelstjerna, Georg von; Krücken, Jürgen; Ganter, Martin

doi:10.3390/ani11020549

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…The significant association (p < 0.001) detected between condemned liver and keeping cattle as an additional livestock could be explained by F. hepatica being a generalist infecting several hosts [25], and moreover, be related to pastures suitable for both cattle and sheep. Treatment on fixed occasions (i.e., turn out onto pasture, turning in/housing, previous experience/routines), rather than using parasitological analysis as a tool to assess the timing or efficacy of treatment, appears to be a common feature among Norwegian sheep farmers, similar to reports from several European countries [11,32,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment against helminths in Norwegian sheep: a questionnaire-based survey

et al. 2021

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A questionnaire was distributed to 5487 farmers throughout Norway in order to obtain information about management practices regarding helminth infections in sheep. In addition, the farmers’ perceptions of helminths and anthelmintic efficacy were investigated. Most farmers (80%) treated prophylactically against nematodes, and 24% also used prophylactic treatment against Fasciola hepatica. Overall, few farmers (11%) used parasitological analysis as a tool to assess the timing of treatment, but rather based it on other factors such as previous experience (70%). In the surveyed sheep flocks, the use of benzimidazoles was reduced from 2018 (52%) to 2019 (47%) (p < 0.01), whereas the use of macrocyclic lactones increased from 2017 (23%) to 2019 (36%) (p < 0.001). Poor anthelmintic efficacy was suspected by 10% of the farmers, and 11% reported that helminths were an increasing problem in their flocks. The majority of farmers (72%) considered their veterinarian as the most important advisor for treatment of parasites, but reported a high level of uncertainty regarding which parasites were present in their flocks, with unknown status most frequently reported for Haemonchus contortus (71.5%). This is probably related to the fact that very few farmers (15%) regularly test their animals for parasites. The present study provides up-to-date information on treatment practices for helminths in Norwegian sheep flocks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment against helminths in Norwegian sheep: a questionnaire-based survey

et al. 2021

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“…No other data could be found on the parasitism of F. hepatica in sheep and goats on Ukrainian farms. Sheep, goats and cattle grazing on pastures are constantly infected by other trematodes (Godara et al, 2014;Kahl et al, 2021). In Ireland, pathogens of the genus Paramphistomum spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem of Paramphistomum infections of animals is not new and has been studied for a long time (Hanna et al, 1988, Huson et al, 2017. Scientists have identified more than 70 species from the superfamily Paramphistomoidea in ruminants globally (Sanguankiat et al, 2016;Ali et al, 2018;Kahl et al, 2021). Thus, according to researchers, three species have been registered in Uttarakhand, India: Paramphistomum cervi, Gastrothylax crumenifer and Fischoederius elongates (Maitra et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in ruminants in Ukraine: a 5-year meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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The production of environmentally friendly livestock products is currently receiving much attention, especially in the European Union. The problem of monitoring the quality and safety of meat and milk in modern conditions is relevant not only for Ukraine but also for the world community. The scientific substantiation of the methods of research on meat for sale subject to invasive diseases is especially important, as the product may pose risks to the consumer. One of the criteria for assessing the welfare of a herd is the prevalence of helminthiases in cattle. Ruminant parasitoses in Ukraine have always been and remain a separate, often significant, problem for veterinary specialists. Helminths have evolved to use a wide range of ecological niches. In this study, we tried to quantify the prevalence of helminthiases among ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) in Ukraine. The relevant studies were searched for in the online databases. The meta-analysis included 15 publications from January 2015 to December 2020 which reported the spread of parasites in Ukraine. The research results show that the infestation of ruminants with gastrointestinal helminths on the territory of Ukraine is 56.7%. Egger’s regression test revealed no significant publication bias. During the period of pastured farming, stable parasitocenoses are formed in the body of ruminants. The parasitoses are caused by helminths (gastrointestinal strongyles, liver flukes, paramphistomas, dicrocelia). They are recorded in monoinvasions or mixed invasions. Ruminants, according to helminthological examination in different climatic zones, are constantly infested with trematodes. In Ukraine, the presence of three species of flukes has been confirmed in ruminants: Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Paramphistomum cervi. Parasitization by those species negatively affects the profitability of dairy farming. Trematodes cause significant economic losses: reduced milk productivity of cows, reduced live weight gain of young animals, negative impact on reproduction. At the same time, fascioliasis is socially significant and dangerous to humans. According to the analyzed literature sources, two types of cestodes have been registered in Ukraine: Moniezia benedeni and M. expansa. The epizootic situation regarding nematodes is just as fraught. That is the most numerous group of helminths, their fauna is represented by the following species: Strongyloides papillosus, Nematodirus spathiger, Bunostomum spp., Oesophagostomum radiatum, Haemonchus contortus, Toxocara vitulorum, Trichuris skrjabini, T. ovis and T. globulosa. It is proven that in cattle parasitocenoses are recorded more often than monoinvasions. The highest rates of prevalence of infection were observed when polyinvasion included gastrointestinal strongyles, namely from the order Strongylida. Strongyloides papillosus is the most common taxonomic representative, while Fasciola hepatica has the lowest prevalence of infection, especially in sheep. Updated data on helminthiasis will expand the screening strategy to maintain the health of farm ruminants and reduce economic losses.

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“…Rumen fluke metacercariae excyst in the small intestine, followed by retrograde migration towards the rumen [ 20 , 21 ], where they mature into adults and start egg production. Intestinal paramphistomidosis may cause clinical signs such as diarrhea, weight loss, submandibular oedema, and even death of the animals [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], while the ruminal phase is usually clinically inapparent. Atrophy of the ruminal papillae can, however, be seen in postmortem examinations [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen and Liver Fluke Infections in Sheep and Goats in Northern and Southern Germany

Alstedt

Voigt

Jäger³

et al. 2022

Animals

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Paramphistomidosis has recently been identified as an emerging parasitosis in Europe. This study estimated the prevalence of rumen flukes, Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum, in small ruminants in Germany and identified occurring rumen fluke species and potential predictors for fluke infections. Pooled fecal samples from 223 sheep farms and 143 goat farms in northern and southern Germany were examined by the sedimentation technique, and molecular species identification was performed on rumen-fluke-positive samples. In sheep, a flock prevalence of 2.2% was detected for rumen flukes. Calicophoron daubneyi was identified on four of five positive farms, while species identification failed in one flock. No rumen fluke eggs were detected in the examined goat herds. F. hepatica eggs were detected in 2.7% of the sheep flocks, while the herd prevalence was 5.6% in goats. Higher prevalence values of 21.1% (sheep) and 7.0% (goats) were observed for D. dendriticum. Mixed grazing with other ruminants and previously identified infections with rumen flukes and/or F. hepatica were identified as predictors for paramphistomidosis. The distribution of the three trematode species followed a geographical pattern associated with conditions favoring the relevant intermediate hosts. C. daubneyi is an established parasite in German sheep at a currently low prevalence.

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Chronic Wasting Due to Liver and Rumen Flukes in Sheep

Cited by 13 publications

References 95 publications

Treatment against helminths in Norwegian sheep: a questionnaire-based survey

Treatment against helminths in Norwegian sheep: a questionnaire-based survey

Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in ruminants in Ukraine: a 5-year meta-analysis

Rumen and Liver Fluke Infections in Sheep and Goats in Northern and Southern Germany

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