Recent progress in the applications of non-metal modified graphitic carbon nitride in photocatalysis

Tang, Cong; Cheng, Min; Lai, Cui; Li, Ling; Yang, Xiaofeng; Du, Li; Zhang, Gaoxia; Wang, Guangfu; Yang, Lu

doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214846

Cited by 124 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…However, the H 2 O 2 production with sacrificial agents is more efficient than the system without sacrificial agents. [54,167] Although researchers have made many efforts, there are still many challenges. Therefore, more experimental and theoretical works are needed to further reveal the mechanism of reaction and improve the efficiency of [165] Copyright 2018, Elsevier.…”

Section: H 2 O 2 Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Collision between g‐C₃N₄ and QDs in the Fields of Energy and Environment: Synergistic Effects for Efficient Photocatalysis

Chen

Cheng

Lai

et al. 2023

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Among all possible options, semiconductor photocatalytic technology is considered as an environmentally friendly and ideal strategy among all possible options and has been rapidly developed around the world. [5][6][7][8][9] Since the first report of artificial photocatalysis in 1972 by Fujishima et al., traditional TiO 2 has been widely used because of its intrinsic photocatalytic performance, low toxicity, and thermodynamic stability. [10][11][12] However, TiO 2 can be only photogenerated under ultraviolet light (UV-light), limiting its utilization efficiency of solar energy. [13,14] Accordingly, researchers are actively searching for photocatalysts with excellent visible light response and satisfactory photocatalytic performance. [15][16][17] Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is a metal-free nanomaterial composing of C and N with a defect-N bridges of s-triazine or tri-s-triazine (Figure 1A,B). [19,20] The history of C 3 N 4 could be traced back to 1834, but g-C 3 N 4 was not formally proposed until 1996 by Teter and Hemley, probably due to its high stability and mysterious structure. [21] Subsequently, g-C 3 N 4 has emerged as an encouraging candidate for photocatalysts based on its moderate bandgap, suitable energy band structure (Figure 1C), visible light absorption and high stability, as well as been widely concerned by countries all over the world. [18,[22][23][24] Since the photocatalytic H 2 evolution of g-C 3 N 4 was first reported in 2009, the research on improving the photocatalytic performance of g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts has gradually become a popular research direction (Figure 2). [18,25,26] Pristine g-C 3 N 4 can be prepared by using the heat treatment of some low-cost nitrogen-rich organic precursors, such as urea, melamine, dicyandiamide, and so on. [27] However, their practical applications have been limited by several shortcomings of pristine g-C 3 N 4 , including low specific surface area, insufficient utilization of visible light (< 460 nm), and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole (e − -h + ) pairs. [28,29] For the sake of overcoming these challenges, many methods have been employed to modify g-C 3 N 4 to improve the photocatalytic activity, such as element/heteroatomic doping, [30] structural design, [31,32] and heterojunction construction. [33][34][35] Among the recent progresses of modifying g-C 3 N 4 , heterojunctions formed Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has attracted increasing interest due to its visible light absorption, suitable energy band structure, and excellent stability. However, low specific surface area, finite visible light response range (<460 nm), and rapid photogenerated electron-hole (e − -h + ) pairs recombination of the pristine g-C 3 N 4 limit its practical applications. The small size of quantum dots (QDs) endows the properties of abundant active sites, wide absorption spectrum, and adjustable bandgap, but inevitable aggregation. Studies have confirmed that the integration of g-C 3 N 4 and QDs not only overcomes these limita...

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Section: H 2 O 2 Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Collision between g‐C₃N₄ and QDs in the Fields of Energy and Environment: Synergistic Effects for Efficient Photocatalysis

Chen

Cheng

Lai

et al. 2023

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“…Contrary to metallic doping, non-metallic elements were also used to modify g-C 3 N 4 , which was reported elsewhere. [130,156] In Zhang's report, NH 4 X (X: Cl, Br) was used to solution-hydrothermally treat g-C 3 N 4 nanorods. [118] In this work, due to the valance electrons of Br atoms having lower electronegativity than that of Cl, the delocalization of electrons quickly occurred to interact with the conjugated systems, leading to the smaller optical bandgap energy of Br-doped g-C 3 N 4 in comparison with that of Cl-doped g-C 3 N 4 .…”

Section: Single-element Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Materials Towards Photoproduction of H₂O₂

et al. 2023

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Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) can be considered as one of the world's indispensable chemicals. However, the synthetic process can prompt several severe environmental and human health issues. However, solar H 2 O 2 production may provide opportunities to mitigate such issues. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has emerged as one promising material for photocatalytic applications due to its unique properties. Although tremendous efforts in engineering g-C 3 N 4 have been proposed to improve catalytic results, the materials obtained still have some issues.Additionally, the mechanisms behind the production of H 2 O 2 by using such materials are not yet fully understood. Herein, we conducted a literature survey reviewing the production of H 2 O 2 using g-C 3 N 4 -based materials. The essential aspects of and current challenges in photocatalytic H 2 O 2 generation are discussed, which may provide insight for researchers to overcome barriers and develop sustainable methods for H 2 O 2 production.

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“…7c). The rich functional groups could interact with nanoparticles to enhance their dispersion and stability, 100,101 while the highly porous structure could control the size of nanoparticles. 102…”

Section: Application In Organic Contaminant Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of organic contaminants by peroxymonosulfate activated with zeolitic imidazolate framework-based catalysts: performances, mechanisms and stability

Guo

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci.: Nano

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Recent progress in the applications of non-metal modified graphitic carbon nitride in photocatalysis

Cited by 124 publications

References 161 publications

The Collision between g‐C₃N₄ and QDs in the Fields of Energy and Environment: Synergistic Effects for Efficient Photocatalysis

The Collision between g‐C₃N₄ and QDs in the Fields of Energy and Environment: Synergistic Effects for Efficient Photocatalysis

Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Materials Towards Photoproduction of H₂O₂

Degradation of organic contaminants by peroxymonosulfate activated with zeolitic imidazolate framework-based catalysts: performances, mechanisms and stability

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Recent progress in the applications of non-metal modified graphitic carbon nitride in photocatalysis

Cited by 124 publications

References 161 publications

The Collision between g‐C3N4 and QDs in the Fields of Energy and Environment: Synergistic Effects for Efficient Photocatalysis

The Collision between g‐C3N4 and QDs in the Fields of Energy and Environment: Synergistic Effects for Efficient Photocatalysis

Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Materials Towards Photoproduction of H2O2

Degradation of organic contaminants by peroxymonosulfate activated with zeolitic imidazolate framework-based catalysts: performances, mechanisms and stability

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The Collision between g‐C₃N₄ and QDs in the Fields of Energy and Environment: Synergistic Effects for Efficient Photocatalysis

The Collision between g‐C₃N₄ and QDs in the Fields of Energy and Environment: Synergistic Effects for Efficient Photocatalysis

Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Materials Towards Photoproduction of H₂O₂