Among all possible options, semiconductor photocatalytic technology is considered as an environmentally friendly and ideal strategy among all possible options and has been rapidly developed around the world. [5][6][7][8][9] Since the first report of artificial photocatalysis in 1972 by Fujishima et al., traditional TiO 2 has been widely used because of its intrinsic photocatalytic performance, low toxicity, and thermodynamic stability. [10][11][12] However, TiO 2 can be only photogenerated under ultraviolet light (UV-light), limiting its utilization efficiency of solar energy. [13,14] Accordingly, researchers are actively searching for photocatalysts with excellent visible light response and satisfactory photocatalytic performance. [15][16][17] Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is a metal-free nanomaterial composing of C and N with a defect-N bridges of s-triazine or tri-s-triazine (Figure 1A,B). [19,20] The history of C 3 N 4 could be traced back to 1834, but g-C 3 N 4 was not formally proposed until 1996 by Teter and Hemley, probably due to its high stability and mysterious structure. [21] Subsequently, g-C 3 N 4 has emerged as an encouraging candidate for photocatalysts based on its moderate bandgap, suitable energy band structure (Figure 1C), visible light absorption and high stability, as well as been widely concerned by countries all over the world. [18,[22][23][24] Since the photocatalytic H 2 evolution of g-C 3 N 4 was first reported in 2009, the research on improving the photocatalytic performance of g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts has gradually become a popular research direction (Figure 2). [18,25,26] Pristine g-C 3 N 4 can be prepared by using the heat treatment of some low-cost nitrogen-rich organic precursors, such as urea, melamine, dicyandiamide, and so on. [27] However, their practical applications have been limited by several shortcomings of pristine g-C 3 N 4 , including low specific surface area, insufficient utilization of visible light (< 460 nm), and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole (e − -h + ) pairs. [28,29] For the sake of overcoming these challenges, many methods have been employed to modify g-C 3 N 4 to improve the photocatalytic activity, such as element/heteroatomic doping, [30] structural design, [31,32] and heterojunction construction. [33][34][35] Among the recent progresses of modifying g-C 3 N 4 , heterojunctions formed Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has attracted increasing interest due to its visible light absorption, suitable energy band structure, and excellent stability. However, low specific surface area, finite visible light response range (<460 nm), and rapid photogenerated electron-hole (e − -h + ) pairs recombination of the pristine g-C 3 N 4 limit its practical applications. The small size of quantum dots (QDs) endows the properties of abundant active sites, wide absorption spectrum, and adjustable bandgap, but inevitable aggregation. Studies have confirmed that the integration of g-C 3 N 4 and QDs not only overcomes these limita...

Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) have extensively emerged as promising templates/precursors to prepare functional derivatives for various purposes because of their ultrahigh porosity, large specific surface area, and excellent user-configuration flexibility. Among these derivatives, MOFs-derived metal/carbon composites surmount the shortcomings of the individual components and produce synergistic effects, showing great potential in environmental remediation and energy storage and conversion. Herein, this work systematically discusses the synthetic strategies of MOFs-derived metal/carbon composites from the perspective of different MOF precursors, including pristine MOFs, heteroatom-doped MOFs, and MOFs composited with substrates. The unique advantages of MOFs-derived metal/carbon composites with exceptional stability, conductivity, and catalytic activity are then particularly summarized. On the basis of these advantages, their recent progress in the environment and energy fields is elaborated, with special emphasis on the elucidation of their mechanisms. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for future research are presented, which is expected to provide references for the design of multipurpose MOFs-derived metal/carbon composites.

Structurally complementary MOF-derived binary metal oxide modified layered g-C3N4 is synthesized by hydrothermal treatment and co-pyrolysis. This article focuses on exploring the synergy of photocatalysis and PMS activation mediated by Co3O4.

For the past few years, the sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) have been developed rapidly due to their unique advantages for the degradation of organic contaminants. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks...