Recent progress in microwave-assisted preparations of 2D materials and catalysis applications

Abstract

On the urgency of metal-free catalysts, two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have caused extensive researches because of distinctive optical and electronic properties. In the last decade, microwave methods have emerged in rapid and effective preparations of 2DMs for catalysis. Microwave heating offers several advantages namely direct, fast, selective heating and uniform reaction temperature compared to conventional heating methods, thus bringing about high-yield and high-purity products in minutes or even seconds. This review summarizes recent advances in microwave-assisted preparations of 2DMs-based catalysts and their state-of-the-art catalytic performances. Microwave heating mechanisms are briefly introduced mainly focusing on microwave-matter interactions, which can guide the choice of precursors, liquid media, substrates, auxiliaries and experiment parameters during microwave radiation. We especially provide a detailed insight into various microwave-assisted procedures, classified as exfoliation, synthesis, doping, modification and construction towards different 2DMs nanomaterials. We also discuss how microwave affects the synthetic composition and microstructure of 2DMs-based catalysts, thereby deeply influencing their optical and electronic properties and the catalytic performances. Finally, advantages, challenges and prospects of microwave-assisted approaches for 2DMs nanomaterials are summarized to inspire the effective and large-scale fabrication of novel 2DMs-based catalysts.

Rapid Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

“…These observations indicate that both In 2 S 3 nanosheets and ZnIn 2 S 4 nanosheets exhibit substantial absorption of visible light. The direct optical bandgap, E g , of the materials was determined by employing the equation (αhν) 2 = A(hν − E g ), where hν represents the photon energy in electron volts (eV), α is the absorption coefficient, and A is a material constant [50]. This analysis was conducted based on the data presented in Figure 6b.…”

Advancing biomedical applications of polyoxometalate-based metal–organic frameworks: from design to therapeutic potential

“…The microwave method, as a common method for synthesising nanomaterials, is also promising to be utilised to synthesise POMOF materials. 132 Its high-frequency electromagnetic wave oscillation can eliminate the utilisation of organic solvents and obtain POMOF materials in a greener way. 133 Simultaneously, the utilisation of the microwave method facilitates rapid nucleation, enhances the reversibility of coordination bonds, and optimises crystalline structure formation.…”

Development of Two-Dimensional Functional Nanomaterials for Biosensor Applications: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects

“…It is possible to use both top-down and bottom-up strategies, with the latter suggesting that a compound is built from fundamental building blocks [33]. Bottom-up approaches include methods such as wet chemical synthesis [34,35], microwaveassisted chemistry [36][37][38][39], and ultrasound probe synthesis [40,41], among others. Under the top-down category of exfoliation techniques, mechanical exfoliation [42], direct liquid exfoliation [43], ultrasonic exfoliation, and chemical oxidation exfoliation [44] are all included.…”