Recent progress in development of efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction in direct methanol fuel cell

Abstract

The human craving for energy is continually mounting and becoming progressively difficult to Gratify. At present, the world's massive energy demands are chiefly encountered by nonrenewable and benign fossil fuels. However, the development of dynamic energy cradles for a gradually thriving world to lessen fossil fuel reserve depletion and environmental concerns are persistent issues for society at present. The discovery of copious nonconventional resources to fill the gap between energy petition and supply is the extreme obligation of the modern era. A new emergent, clean, and robust alternate of fossil fuels are the fuel cells. Among the different types of fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells are an outstanding option for light-duty vehicles and portable devices. A critical tactic for striving and sustainable energy sources is the production of highly proficient, economical, and green catalysts for energy storage and conversion devices. Up till now a broad range of research work is available to use Pt and modify Ptbased electrocatalysts to augment the CH 3 OH oxidation process. Platinum-based nanocubes, nanorods, nanoflower, hybrids of Pt with metal-oxides such as Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SnO 2 , MnO, Cu 2 O, ZnO, and with conducting polymers are extensively utilized in both acidic and basic media. Moreover, Pd-based materials, transition metal-based materials as well as MOF and MOF-derived materials are also the point of interest for researchers nowadays. However, the problem associated with their practical applications is that they can be effectively employed in basic media due to comparative less stability in acidic medium. This review article will deliver a broad vision of the current progress of the MOR process concerning noble metals, transition metals, and MOF-based materials.

Electrocatalytic performance of NiNH2BDC MOF based composites with rGO for methanol oxidation reaction

“…The MOR proceeds identically in an acidic and basic media except that CO to CO 2 conversion occurs by OH – group (provided by alkali) very smoothly in basic media while the same conversion takes place after water dissociation in an acidic environment with a low reaction rate 18 . To overcome the problems of (a) depressed redox process, (b) high manufacturing cost, (c) catalyst inactivation by reaction intermediates, and (d) sluggish kinetics, the development of a most appropriate and low-cost electrocatalyst with (i) flexible morphology, (ii) prompt electrons, ions, and reaction products transport (iii) The strong interaction between catalyst and reactants with adequate contact area, and (iv) upright inherent activity are the requirements of current research to replace highly active but expensive and less stable Pt metal-based catalysts 19 – 21 .…”

Optimization and validation of process parameters via RSM for minimizing use of resources to generate electricity from a DEFC

“…A positive sign before the term in Equation (3), suggests that the term effect favors the response, while a negative sign indicates an antagonistic effect on the response, that is, power density. The positive coefficient values of the terms A, B, C, AC, BC, and C 2 have a positive impact on the response value, as seen in Equation (3). However, the binary interaction of AB and the quadratic terms A 2 and B 2 have a negative effect on the power density of DEFC.…”

“…A growing awareness of the environmental crisis is driving world scientists and researchers to develop an interest in alternative energy sources that are cost-effective with fossil fuels, as well as cleaner, sustainable, renewable, and environmentally friendly. [1][2][3] Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are considered to be one of the most promising technologies for powering portable electronic devices and stationary equipment due to their low emission levels, high efficiency, quick refueling, simple design, the convenience of storage and handling, and high energy density of liquid ethanol. [4][5][6][7] The DEFCs use ethanol as a liquid fuel for electrooxidation due to its many benefits, which are userfriendly, easy to transport, and safe for storage.…”

Intermetallic Compounds: Liquid‐Phase Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Applications

“…[67] In addition, the liquid character makes methanol, ethanol, and formic acid easier to operate compared with the gaseous hydrogen when applied in a fuel cell device. A full oxidation of these molecules leads to the production of CO 2 via completely dehydrogenation and cleavage of CÀ C bond: [68] The main obstacle in methanol oxidation on Pt is the high cost and the severe CO poisoning. Alloy Pt with cheaper transition metals (Bi, Ni, Pb, Zn) therefor exhibits as the promising strategy to solve these two problems simultaneously.…”