Recent Progress in Advanced Organic Electrode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Synthesis, Mechanisms, Challenges and Perspectives

Abstract

Rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered attractive alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries for next‐generation sustainable and large‐scale electrochemical energy storage. Organic sodium‐ion batteries (OSIBs) using environmentally benign organic materials as electrodes, which demonstrate high energy/power density and good structural designability, have recently attracted great attention. Nevertheless, the practical applications and popularization of OSIBs are generally restricted by the intrinsic disadvantages related to organic electrodes, such as their low conductivity, poor stability, and high solubility in electrolytes. Here, the latest research progress with regard to electrode materials of OSIBs, ranging from small molecules to organic polymers, is systematically reviewed, with the main focus on the molecular structure design/modification, the electrochemical behavior, and the corresponding charge‐storage mechanism. Particularly, the challenges faced by OSIBs and the effective design strategies are comprehensively summarized from three aspects: function‐oriented molecular design, micromorphology regulation, and construction of organic–inorganic composites. Finally, the perspectives and opportunities in the research of organic electrode materials are discussed.

Organic Electrode Materials for Non-aqueous K-Ion Batteries

“…OEMs are ubiquitous and can be refined from biomass. Most of the OEMs consist of C, H, O, N, and S and lack resource-scarcity metals (such as Co) [37]. 2.…”

Covalent Organic Frameworks for Next‐Generation Batteries

“…So far, organic electrode materials have been explored in sodium ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium ion batteries (PIBs). [41][42][43] However, the application of organic electrode materials to sodium ion batteries and potassium ion batteries has many problems like lithium ion batteries, such as dissolving in organic electrolytes and a low theoretical capacity. The search for high-performance organic electrodes has become a hot issue.…”

“…Environmental pollution and energy shortages are two main challenges that must be overcome for the sustainable development of society. [1][2][3] Due to the exhaustion of fossil fuels, growing energy demand and the adverse greenhouse effect, the effective use of renewable energy (e. g., geothermal energy, tidal energy, wind energy, and solar energy) has become an important issue that must be addressed to some extent. [4][5][6] However, renewable energy is intermittent and cannot be directly used by people.…”

Structure–property relationships in organic battery anode materials: exploring redox reactions in crystalline Na- and Li-benzene diacrylate using combined crystallography and density functional theory calculations

“…[41][42][43] In the past decade, Na-based batteries have experienced a renaissance, also for OEMs. 15,44,45 Most of the organic molecules that were first investigated for Li-ion batteries have also been translated to their Na-equivalents. [46][47][48][49][50] However, their performance and behaviour is rarely similar to Li-based counterparts.…”