Recent Development of Nanomaterials-Based Cytosensors for the Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells

Abstract

The accurate analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) holds great promise in early diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. However, the extremely low abundance of CTCs in peripheral blood samples limits the practical utility of the traditional methods for CTCs detection. Thus, novel and powerful strategies have been proposed for sensitive detection of CTCs. In particular, nanomaterials with exceptional physical and chemical properties have been used to fabricate cytosensors for amplifying the signal and enhancing the sensitivity. In this review, we summarize the recent development of nanomaterials-based optical and electrochemical analytical techniques for CTCs detection, including fluorescence, colorimetry, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, chemiluminescence, electrochemistry, electrochemiluminescence, photoelectrochemistry and so on.

Recent Progress on Nanomaterial‐Facilitated Electrochemical Strategies for Cancer Diagnosis

“…With the rapid development of nanomaterials, a series of electrochemical cell biosensors has been fabricated for cancer cell identification, cell counting, and cell surface protein detection. [ 141,142 ] Jing et al. [ 143 ] proposed an unlabeled electrochemical cell sensor by designing hyaluronate‐functionalized graphene (HG) for the detection of the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT‐116.…”

“…With the rapid development of nanomaterials, a series of electrochemical cell biosensors has been fabricated for cancer cell identification, cell counting, and cell surface protein detection. [141,142] Jing et al [143] proposed an unlabeled electrochemical cell sensor by designing hyaluronate-functionalized graphene (HG) for the detection of the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116. As shown in Figure 11a, HG was selfassembled with ethylenediamine and then covalently combined with sodium hyaluronate to obtain electrode-modified materials with high stability and biocompatibility.…”

Nanotechnology in the Diagnostic and Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Moreover, they can also be functionalized with biological (antibodies and enzymes) or biomimetic (aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers) recognition systems, which increase the selectivity of the detection method towards a selected target. Many nanomaterial-based detection systems have been reported for the detection of cancer biomarkers, such as proteins, circulating tumor cells, or miRNA [ 42 , 43 , 44 ], and some of those related to HCC detection are, briefly, presented herein.…”

Clinical Application of Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) as a Biomarker for Arterial Hypertension

“…The LSPR effect allows colorimetric changes, agglutination tests, and absorption band displacement to be used as indicators of the amount of the analyte of interest for a variety of biomarkers [ 8 ]. In addition, metal nanoparticles can be employed to increase the sensitivity of detection techniques such as immunofluorescence [ 9 ] or Raman spectroscopy [ 10 ]; therefore, there is an increasing number of research studies, prototypes, and novel technologies focused on the development of diagnostic methods [ 11 , 12 ].…”