Recent Progress on Nanomaterial‐Facilitated Electrochemical Strategies for Cancer Diagnosis

Abstract

Cancer is a malignant disease that endangers human life, especially owing to its high fatality rate; therefore, rapid and accurate early screening is needed to effectively improve the survival rate. Compared with traditional cancer detection methods, electrochemical biosensors that recognize cancer biomarkers in blood have the advantages of low invasiveness, fast diagnosis, and low cost. However, there is always a trade‐off between sensitivity and selectivity, which limits the detection of trace amounts of biomarkers produced in the early stages. To address this issue, an increasing number of nanomaterials with simultaneous improvements in both sensitivity and selectivity have recently been reported. In this review, different categories of state‐of‐the‐art electrochemical biosensors and their operating principles are introduced, and their respective advantages and disadvantages are described. Furthermore, the review discusses the existing detection strategies and performance of nanomaterial‐based cancer biosensors for biomarker recognition, providing overall guidance for the material selection of different biomarkers. Finally, the main challenges involving existing electrochemical cancer biosensors are evaluated to present the future development prospects of nanomaterials and detection strategies.

3D Biomass‐Derived Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Biosensors

“…[9] Therefore, developing suitable and high-performance electrode materials for different electrochemical sensors and bioelectronic devices is important. [10] To date, the development of high-performance electrode modification materials such as transition metal nanomaterials and their oxides, [11,12] metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [13] carbonbased materials, [9] and conducting polymers [10] has been explored. Among these advanced functional materials, carbon materials, as a promising conductive substrate, play an important role in electrochemical sensing platforms for their simple preparation method, large specific surface area, fast electron transfer speed, and easy structural regulation.…”

Advances and Challenges in Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Immunosensors for Small Cell Lung Cancer Biomarker Neuron-Specific Enolase

“…1 It exists in more than 200 different types and affects people of all ages and over 60 human organs. 2 It is a fatal disease with the highest mortality rate around the globe, accounting for more than 8.2 million deaths each year, and is anticipated to cross 13 million by 2030. 3 Of the different kinds of cancer, the most lethal and frequently diagnosed cancer types include breast, prostate, lung, and colon cancer.…”

“…Globally, cancer is one of the most intricate and ubiquitous diseases which arises due to rapid and unregulated cell proliferation or division . It exists in more than 200 different types and affects people of all ages and over 60 human organs . It is a fatal disease with the highest mortality rate around the globe, accounting for more than 8.2 million deaths each year, and is anticipated to cross 13 million by 2030 .…”