Recent Development in Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Cholesterol Detection

Abstract

Functional nanomaterials have attracted significant attention in a variety of research fields (in particular, in the healthcare system) because of the easily controllable morphology, their high chemical and environmental stability, biocompatibility, and unique optoelectronic and sensing properties. The sensing properties of nanomaterials can be used to detect biomolecules such as cholesterol. Over the past few decades, remarkable progress has been made in the production of cholesterol biosensors that contain nanomaterials as the key component. In this article, various nanomaterials for the electrochemical sensing of cholesterol were reviewed. Cholesterol biosensors are recognized tools in the clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The function of nanomaterials in cholesterol biosensors were thoroughly discussed. In this study, different pathways for the sensing of cholesterol with functional nanomaterials were investigated.

Rhodium‐Based Nanozymes: Recent Advances and Challenges

“…The detection was comparable to those of commercial cholesterol kits. [58] The method also showed excellent results despite potential interfering factors (urea, uric acid, glucose, human serum albumin, and ions), demonstrating the specificity of the Rh nanoparticle enzyme-substrate selective binding (Figure 3a-3c). [16] and c) Reproduced from ref.…”

Radix Pueraria Flavonoids Assisted Green Synthesis of Reduced Gold Nanoparticles: Application for Electrochemical Nonenzymatic Detection of Cholesterol in Food Samples

“…For further electrochemical investigation, this sample was diluted in 4.0 mL of glacial acetic acid. The results were compared with those obtained by the HPLC method …”

“…As a result, detecting the Cho sensitively and accurately is critical for disease control and prevention. Several methods for determining Cho have been published, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), colorimetry, fluorimetry, and electrochemistry methods. − Among them, the electrochemical method is the most popular due to its rapidity, simplicity, low cost, satisfactory reproducibility, and user-friendliness. − …”

Development of a bio‐inspired magnetic nanocomposite synthesized through semi‐covalent imprinting for electrochemical determination of cholesterol in water samples

“…Non-enzymatic methods, in turn, are based on electrode surface modifiers, which are substances that can modify the redox potential of the analyte [16]. Some studies on non-enzymatic CHO determination use microporous gold electrodes with platinum nanoparticles, which furnish reduced overpotential to oxidate CHO [17], while in the other ones, β-cyclodextrin functionalized graphene [18] and multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNTs) [19] onto electrode surface has been reported using [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3À /4À probe for the indirect CHO determination. Compared to enzymatic sensors, the non-enzymatic ones depending upon chemical modification, might not discriminate adequately the interferent species, mainly for those structurally similar molecules.…”