Recent aspects on possible interrelation between precursory electric signals and anomalous bioeffects

Dologlou, E.

doi:10.5194/nhess-10-1951-2010

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…These faults may be potential earthquake areas and are simultaneously information channels deeply reaching into the crust. Recent research shows that, among others, electromagnetic field changes emitted from the pre-focal area several days before the upcoming earthquake are discussed as one trigger mechanism for bioanomalies prior to large earthquakes [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Also mid-term to short-lived thermal infrared anomalies from the rock surface in the 8–12 μm region along thrust or strike-slip faults prior to major earthquakes are reported [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Results of Three-Year Monitoring of Red Wood Ants’ Behavioral Changes and Their Possible Correlation with Earthquake Events

Berberich

Berberich²,

Grumpe

et al. 2013

Animals

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Simple SummaryFor three years (2009–2012), two red wood ant mounds (Formica rufa-group), located at the seismically active Neuwied Basin (Eifel, Germany), have been monitored 24/7 by high-resolution cameras. Early results show that ants have a well-identifiable standard daily routine. Correlation with local seismic events suggests changes in the ants’ behavior hours before the earthquake: the nocturnal rest phase and daily activity are suppressed, and standard daily routine does not resume until the next day. At present, an automated image evaluation routine is being applied to the video streams. Based on this automated approach, a statistical analysis of the ant behavior will be carried out. AbstractShort-term earthquake predictions with an advance warning of several hours or days are currently not possible due to both incomplete understanding of the complex tectonic processes and inadequate observations. Abnormal animal behaviors before earthquakes have been reported previously, but create problems in monitoring and reliability. The situation is different with red wood ants (RWA; Formica rufa-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)). They have stationary mounds on tectonically active, gas-bearing fault systems. These faults may be potential earthquake areas. For three years (2009–2012), two red wood ant mounds (Formica rufa-group), located at the seismically active Neuwied Basin (Eifel, Germany), have been monitored 24/7 by high-resolution cameras with both a color and an infrared sensor. Early results show that ants have a well-identifiable standard daily routine. Correlation with local seismic events suggests changes in the ants’ behavior hours before the earthquake: the nocturnal rest phase and daily activity are suppressed, and standard daily routine does not resume until the next day. At present, an automated image evaluation routine is being applied to the more than 45,000 hours of video streams. Based on this automated approach, a statistical analysis of the ants’ behavior will be carried out. In addition, other parameters (climate, geotectonic and biological), which may influence behavior, will be included in the analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Results of Three-Year Monitoring of Red Wood Ants’ Behavioral Changes and Their Possible Correlation with Earthquake Events

Berberich

Berberich²,

Grumpe

et al. 2013

Animals

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“…There were significant differences between the numbers of frog swarms in each season (winter 0; spring 12; summer 13; autumn 3; chi squared test n = 28, df = 3, Chi-sq = 18, p < 0.001) which is to be expected as amphibians hibernate in winter. If the frog swarms related to adult frogs, it would be expected that more would be seen in spring (March and April) which is the breeding season (in the temperate northern hemisphere [ 11 ]), however most frog swarms occurred in the months of May, June and July which is when metamorphs of spring breeding amphibians would be expected to disperse [ 11 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This occurrence, although anecdotal, has crept into the scientific literature; as well as being reported on various Chinese news sites. For example, the phenomenon was reported in the UK’s Daily Telegraph newspaper [ 9 ] and was also mentioned in the journal Nature [ 10 ] as well as several peer reviewed papers [ 6 , 11 ]. However, until now, the occurrence has never been investigated systematically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frog Swarms: Earthquake Precursors or False Alarms?

Grant

Conlan

2013

Animals

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Simple SummaryMedia reports linking unusual animal behaviour with earthquakes can potentially create false alarms and unnecessary anxiety among people that live in earthquake risk zones. Recently large frog swarms in China and elsewhere have been reported as earthquake precursors in the media. By examining international media reports of frog swarms since 1850 in comparison to earthquake data, it was concluded that frog swarms are naturally occurring dispersal behaviour of juveniles and are not associated with earthquakes. However, the media in seismic risk areas may be more likely to report frog swarms, and more likely to disseminate reports on frog swarms after earthquakes have occurred, leading to an apparent link between frog swarms and earthquakes.AbstractIn short-term earthquake risk forecasting, the avoidance of false alarms is of utmost importance to preclude the possibility of unnecessary panic among populations in seismic hazard areas. Unusual animal behaviour prior to earthquakes has been reported for millennia but has rarely been scientifically documented. Recently large migrations or unusual behaviour of amphibians have been linked to large earthquakes, and media reports of large frog and toad migrations in areas of high seismic risk such as Greece and China have led to fears of a subsequent large earthquake. However, at certain times of year large migrations are part of the normal behavioural repertoire of amphibians. News reports of “frog swarms” from 1850 to the present day were examined for evidence that this behaviour is a precursor to large earthquakes. It was found that only two of 28 reported frog swarms preceded large earthquakes (Sichuan province, China in 2008 and 2010). All of the reported mass migrations of amphibians occurred in late spring, summer and autumn and appeared to relate to small juvenile anurans (frogs and toads). It was concluded that most reported “frog swarms” are actually normal behaviour, probably caused by juvenile animals migrating away from their breeding pond, after a fruitful reproductive season. As amphibian populations undergo large fluctuations in numbers from year to year, this phenomenon will not occur on a yearly basis but will depend on successful reproduction, which is related to numerous climatic and geophysical factors. Hence, most large swarms of amphibians, particularly those involving very small frogs and occurring in late spring or summer, are not unusual and should not be considered earthquake precursors. In addition, it is likely that reports of several mass migration of small toads prior to the Great Sichuan Earthquake in 2008 were not linked to the subsequent M = 7.9 event (some occurred at a great distance from the epicentre), and were probably co-incidence. Statistical analysis of the data indicated frog swarms are unlikely to be connected with earthquakes. Reports of unusual behaviour giving rise to earthquake fears should be interpreted with caution, and consultation with experts in the field of earthquake biology is advised.

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“…This energy has the ability to interact with surrounding water bodies, affecting the behavior of terrestrial and aquatic life prior to and subsequent to an earthquake [31]- [33]. A recently published example is the behavioral changes found in some amphibians due to disturbances among K + , Na + , Cl − , and Ca 2+ , ions present both inside and outside the cell membrane [31] [32]; the presence of an external electric field triggers an ionic oscillation or vibration which exerts a strong internal pressure in terms of electric charge [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical Variations of Water Conductivity Prior to Tectonic Earthquakes

Martínez-García¹,

Colín-Cruz

Adame-Martínez

et al. 2015

IJG

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Within the framework of precursor events related to earthquakes, this paper analyzes the possible effect on the aquatic environment of the surrounding energy that accompanies earthquakes, particularly in the area where oceanic and continental plates collide (Cocos Plate and North American Plate, south of Mexico). As a preamble, the types of precursor events, characteristics, and their possible origin are described. A project was designed under the assumption that in areas with high frequency and intensity seismicity there is an electrical and electromagnetic potential promoter which is detectable and assessable indirectly by measuring water conductivity behavior, which also may have atypical variations of data; the outcome of intensive conductivity monitoring in different settings, natural as well as manmade (wellsprings, artesian well and a cistern), are presented herein. The results of the conductivity monitoring for seven months, highlight two patterns in data behavior: one pattern shows the subtle dependence of data behavior on the geographic location of data monitoring instruments, revealing that could have a slight relationship between areas with increased seismic frequency and intensity and the presence of atypical conductivity variations. Another pattern reveals the possible relationship between atypical variations in conductivity and subsequent earthquake events; a total of 241 seismic events were analyzed and 59 of them are provided as evidence related with patterns mentioned.

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Recent aspects on possible interrelation between precursory electric signals and anomalous bioeffects

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

Early Results of Three-Year Monitoring of Red Wood Ants’ Behavioral Changes and Their Possible Correlation with Earthquake Events

Early Results of Three-Year Monitoring of Red Wood Ants’ Behavioral Changes and Their Possible Correlation with Earthquake Events

Frog Swarms: Earthquake Precursors or False Alarms?

Atypical Variations of Water Conductivity Prior to Tectonic Earthquakes

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