Within the framework of precursor events related to earthquakes, this paper analyzes the possible effect on the aquatic environment of the surrounding energy that accompanies earthquakes, particularly in the area where oceanic and continental plates collide (Cocos Plate and North American Plate, south of Mexico). As a preamble, the types of precursor events, characteristics, and their possible origin are described. A project was designed under the assumption that in areas with high frequency and intensity seismicity there is an electrical and electromagnetic potential promoter which is detectable and assessable indirectly by measuring water conductivity behavior, which also may have atypical variations of data; the outcome of intensive conductivity monitoring in different settings, natural as well as manmade (wellsprings, artesian well and a cistern), are presented herein. The results of the conductivity monitoring for seven months, highlight two patterns in data behavior: one pattern shows the subtle dependence of data behavior on the geographic location of data monitoring instruments, revealing that could have a slight relationship between areas with increased seismic frequency and intensity and the presence of atypical conductivity variations. Another pattern reveals the possible relationship between atypical variations in conductivity and subsequent earthquake events; a total of 241 seismic events were analyzed and 59 of them are provided as evidence related with patterns mentioned.
Near faults or unstable areas where an earthquake could happen with capacity to damage buildings or infrastructure, there is often a previous energy that wanders around surroundings, this energy regularly is associated with electromagnetic emissions that generate an electric potential frequently studied as very, ultra-low and extreme frequency emissions (VLF-ULF-ELF_ EM) by remote sensing; under the assumption that this natural potential exists, in aquatic environment within the micro-seismic active area in the coastal border of Guerrero and Oaxaca estates, Mexico, an intensive conductivity monitoring in two artesian well was carried out. The results of intensive conductivity (µS/cm) monitoring done since March to July of 2015, using a low-cost Data logger sensor are presented. The results obtained of the study of 235 seismic events show that 61.64% of them manifest prior conductivity oscillation versus 38.36% of early conductivity oscillation, the possible origin of such oscillation and the likely relation with underground water recharge flux, ground light compression, ground tilt, local electromagnetic energy emissions, human interaction, was debated. The data analysis for long periods of conductivity monitoring and seismic events show that when the number of seismic events becomes intense, conductivity decreases and vice versa, resulting large fluctuations that grow over time like waves; within the study area a possible previous fluctuated long-term energy associated with earthquakes produced around could be arising.
In this document, with the purpose of strengthening more in the knowledge of the previous events on the earthquakes, the possible connection between natural voltage and electromagnetic energy emanating from the inner layers of the Earth and the seismic activity in the Mexican seismic coastal border, is evaluated, through an indirect estimation of the statistical analysis of natural water conductivity data (μS/cm) and the seismic activity occurred in the same period within continental and marine environment, monitored intensively from February 2 to April 15, 2015 and from May 11 to July 17, 2015 in two ordinary man-made wells. A total 128,469 water conductivity data with a sampling frequency of 45 seconds, confronted with 950 earthquakes occurred in the same periods to distance range of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 kilometers far away from a conductivity sensor, are analyzed. As results, in the range of 50 kilometers round the conductivity sensor, the study area applied demonstrates to be a location where the major quantity of earthquakes and most atypical conductivity variations occurred. The influence of the local environment on the behavior of the conductivity data is debated according to the geographical position of the conductivity sensor. Within the continental environment, the range of 0 to 50 km showed the most important statistical significance, revealing to have the most number of earthquakes, with higher values and more intensity, particularly when the trend of conductivity data is descending. Within the marine environment, a very similar connection between the conductivity data behavior and seismic activity occurred was observed.
Within the framework of the “site effect” study and the spatial impact of local geographic features on seismic waves, the maximum accelerations of 45 interplate and intraslab seismic events with magnitudes (Mw) in the range of 5.6 to 8.2 that occurred from 1985 to 2018 were spatially analyzed and processed. Averages and maximum acceleration values of 172 accelerographs distributed among the territories boundaries located in the most seismic region of Mexico, are replaced the data of the scale of seismic moment magnitude (Mw) in each of the epicenters of the 45 events studied. The differential seismic impact of the topography that four Significant Epicentral Zones (SEZ) identified exert in two important cities, two tourist poles and two commercial seaports is identified. Correspondingly, the predominant orientation, direction, spatial tendency at the lithosphere level, which follow seismic waves as a result of interaction with topography within each SEZ were identified.
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