Atypical Variations of Water Conductivity Prior to Tectonic Earthquakes

Abstract

Within the framework of precursor events related to earthquakes, this paper analyzes the possible effect on the aquatic environment of the surrounding energy that accompanies earthquakes, particularly in the area where oceanic and continental plates collide (Cocos Plate and North American Plate, south of Mexico). As a preamble, the types of precursor events, characteristics, and their possible origin are described. A project was designed under the assumption that in areas with high frequency and intensity seismicity there is an electrical and electromagnetic potential promoter which is detectable and assessable indirectly by measuring water conductivity behavior, which also may have atypical variations of data; the outcome of intensive conductivity monitoring in different settings, natural as well as manmade (wellsprings, artesian well and a cistern), are presented herein. The results of the conductivity monitoring for seven months, highlight two patterns in data behavior: one pattern shows the subtle dependence of data behavior on the geographic location of data monitoring instruments, revealing that could have a slight relationship between areas with increased seismic frequency and intensity and the presence of atypical conductivity variations. Another pattern reveals the possible relationship between atypical variations in conductivity and subsequent earthquake events; a total of 241 seismic events were analyzed and 59 of them are provided as evidence related with patterns mentioned.

Statistical Analysis of Natural Water Conductivity Data Behavior in Two Wells: Seismic Coastal Border Limits of Guerrero-Oaxaca States, Mexico

“…According to the accomplishment obtained, the study area call "Corralero" within the Pinotepa National municipality, demonstrate to be an area where the major quantity of earthquakes occur [35] [36]; in a range of 50 kilometers around, this statement is unobjectionable ( Figure 1, Tables 1-4 and Figure 18), beyond of this range, the number of earthquakes occurred drops outstandingly.…”

“…As a complement of two previous studies [35] [36], in the ambit of electromagnetic emissions study (EME) possibly emanating from the Earth's interior layers, of indirect way and applying a micro-regional focus related to ground observation, from fourth trimester of 2014 it was conducted a data statistical research to evaluate these emanations, studying the possibly influence of EME on the water natural conductivity behavior and its possible relationship with earthquakes manifested during the time period of monitoring. The study area it was located on the Pacific coast of southern Mexico in a section considered the most seismic region on the coastal border in Oaxaca estate limits, this is located on the Pinotepa National municipality, particularly in a coastal community called "Corralero" focus with no prior known antecedents until 2014.…”

“…But within the coastal border between Guerrero and Oaxaca states, the atypical variations were self-evident and the presence of micro seismic activity was very significant (<4.0 Mw) Figure 2 at [35]. In addition, the data analyzed of the coastal border drove to another pattern, the subtle connection with the subsequent occurrence of seismic activity and the atypical variations of conductivity data, this behavior is possibly influenced by energy emanating from inside the Earth's layers taking into account the possible high level of rock fracturing of the regional continental crust [37].…”

Natural Water Conductivity Behavior within the Seismic Pacific Coast of Southern Mexico

“…Of 2006 to 2015 were registered 32819 seismic events (>3 Mw), of which 18773 have taken place in the Pacific Ocean and 14046 in the continental area, of last grouped near the coast in a fringe of 12 × 100 kilometers is concentrated 52% of them with 7337 events. Within this coastal border in Oaxaca estate limits is located the Pinotepa National municipality, demarcation with a territory of 719.56 km 2 , in this place is registered the biggest number of seismic events with 1850; this municipality is the most micro-seismic active area per square kilometer with three events [37] [41]; in the interior of this are a occurred on June 30, 2010 an earthquake of M6.0 at 02:22:27 hours and another one by June 25, 2015 of M5.1 at 05:31:46 hours.…”

“…When this energy arrives at the Earth' surface [4]- [6], it affects the local ionosphere by changing the local atmospheric electricity [4]- [16], heating and increasing the local relative humidity [9] [12] [17] [18]; all of these anomalies that upset the local environment lead to luminous phenomena [9] [12] [19]- [21] and formation of aerosols and clouds [22]- [28]; some of these phenomena have been associated with changes in animal and human behavior because of presence of a charged atmosphere with positive ions [9] [12] [13] [24] [29]- [36]. It is known that the electromagnetic emission (EME) also enhances natural radiation related to molecular decay of Radon gas that issues from each fracture of rock, particularly enhances its ionizing energy, as occurs near power transmission lines [37]- [40].…”