Recent Approaches in Poultry Breeding

Thiruvenkadan, AK; Prabakaran, R.

doi:10.31031/apdv.2017.02.000533

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…With the aim to fulfill the increasing demand for poultry meat around the world, genetic selection has led to spectacular achievements in terms of growth rate, feed efficiency, breast yield, and reduction of market age (Thiruvenkadan and Prabakaran, 2017 ). In the current study, the performance of 54 d-old broilers represented genetics of the 1990s (95RAN) and 2015 (MRB) exhibited a much higher growth rate, and lower FCR compared to the broilers from the 1950s (ACRB) and the ancestral wild-type JF, confirming the aforesaid advancements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cyclic Chronic Heat Stress on the Expression of Nutrient Transporters in the Jejunum of Modern Broilers and Their Ancestor Wild Jungle Fowl

et al. 2021

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Heat stress (HS) has been reported to disrupt nutrient digestion and absorption in broilers. These effects may be more prominent in fast-growing chickens due to their high metabolic activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Hence, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic HS on jejunal nutrient transport in slow- (Athens Canadian Random Bred, ACRB from 1950), moderate- (The 1995 random bred, 95RAN), rapid- (modern broilers, modern random bred, MRB) growing birds and their ancestor wild jungle fowl (JF). One-day male chicks (n = 150/line) were placed by line in environmentally controlled chambers and kept under the same industry-standard environmental conditions until d28. On d29, an 8-h daily cyclic HS (36°C) was applied to half of the chambers, which lasted until d55, while keeping the rest under thermal neutral (TN, 24°C) conditions. Jejunum tissues were collected for morphology assessment and molecular analysis of carbohydrate-, amino acid-, and fatty acid-transporters. MRB exhibited the highest body weight (BW) followed by 95RAN under both conditions. HS decreased feed intake (FI) in MRB and 95RAN, which resulted in lower BW compared to their TN counterparts; however, no effect was observed in ACRB and JF. MRB showed a greater villus height (VH) to crypt depth (CD) ratio under both environmental conditions. Molecular analyses showed that glucose transporter (GLUT) 2, 5, 10, and 11 were upregulated in MRB compared to some of the other populations under TN conditions. HS downregulated GLUT2, 10, 11, and 12 in MRB while it increased the expression of GLUT1, 5, 10, and 11 in JF. GLUT2 protein expression was higher in JF compared to ACRB and MRB under TN conditions. It also showed an increase in ACRB but no effect on 95RAN and MRB under HS conditions. ACRB exhibited greater expression of the EAAT3 gene as compared to the rest of the populations maintained under TN conditions. HS exposure did not alter the gene expression of amino acid transporters in MRB. Gene expression of CD36 and FABP2 was upregulated in HS JF birds. Protein expression of CD36 was downregulated in HS JF while no effect was observed in ACRB, 95RAN, and MRB. Taken together, these data are the first to show the effect of HS on jejunal expression of nutrient transporters in three broiler populations known to represent 70 years of genetic progress in the poultry industry and a Red Jungle Fowl population representative of the primary ancestor of domestic chickens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cyclic Chronic Heat Stress on the Expression of Nutrient Transporters in the Jejunum of Modern Broilers and Their Ancestor Wild Jungle Fowl

et al. 2021

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“…The ACRB line was created to represent a genetic population that would be found in the 1950s ( Collins et al., 2016 ). Genetic selection around this time was not as extensive as it is now with most selection practices focusing solely on improving the live weight of the bird ( Thuruvenkadan and Prabakaran, 2017 ). As genetic selection continues to advance, other agricultural and economically important traits such as feed conversion, livability, and welfare traits were included in modern selection programs eventually creating the broiler we see today.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 95RAN, representing the commercial broiler from the 1990s, creates a snapshot in time of the broiler industry, before the use of molecular methods in selection programs ( Harford et al., 2014 ). The MRB line is a line representing the current state of poultry genetic selection and the use of molecular and marker-assisted selection ( Thuruvenkadan and Prabakaran, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing evaluation of random bred broiler populations and a common ancestor at 55 days under chronic heat stress conditions

et al. 2020

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As a result of genetic selection, the modern broiler is more efficient, higher yielding, and faster growing than the bird of the 1950s. Unfortunately, as a result of improvement in growth rate, the modern broiler has the potential to struggle under heat stress conditions. The present study evaluates 3 different random bred populations and a common ancestor under both a thermal neutral and heat stress conditions after a 54-D grow-out period. The lines used in this study included the Athens Canadian Random Bred ( ACRB ), a 1995 Random Bred ( 95RAN ), a 2015 Random Bred ( MRB ), and a Junglefowl ( JF ). Male chicks (n = 150/line) were placed by line in environmentally controlled chambers. An 8-h daily cyclic heat stress (36°C) was applied to half of the chambers beginning on day 28 ( HS ) and lasting until processing at day 55, while the remaining chambers remained thermal neutral ( TN ) at 26°C. Dock weights and carcass weights were lower in the HS-95RAN and HS-MRB, compared to their TN counterparts, while the ACRB and JF had no difference in dock and carcass weights regardless of environmental condition. The MRB line had the highest breast yield (27.79%) while the JF (12.79%) and ACRB (12.42%) had the lowest. The 95RAN line had the highest abdominal fat percentage (2.83%) while the MRB line had the lowest moisture uptake during chill. The HS exposure lowered overall breast yield and breast pH at 15 min and 4 h postmortem but did not have an impact on color (L∗) or 24 h breast drip loss. The MRB was scored for both woody breast and white striping. The TN-MRB group had a higher incidence of moderate and severe woody breast and white striping than the HS-MRB group. Based on the results of this study, it appears that HS has a greater negative impact on the higher yielding lines (MRB and 95RAN) than the ACRB and JF and that clear line differences exist between the random bred lines and their common ancestor.

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“…Although the main effort in layer breeding strategy is focused on egg yield, egg weight is, also, a factor in selection schemes. The objective of commercial layer breeding strategies is to obtain lines characterized by moderate egg weight (34). Franches et al (9) reported that the heritability values for egg weight ranged between 0.20 and 0.33 in different breeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of genetic parameters for some performance traits in a selected Barred Rock line

Kamanli¹

2019

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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This study was conducted to determine the genetic correlation and heritability for age at sexual maturity, body weight at sexual maturity, egg yield, egg weight, egg shape index and L*, a*, b* values of egg shell in a Barred Rock line was applied selection. For this aim, a total of 1622 pedigreed Barred Rocks were selected. The present estimated heritability values for investigated traits were found between moderate-to-high. However, the heritability of egg yield, eggshell color and body weight at sexual maturity were found lower than those of other traits. It was calculated positive correlations among monthly egg yields, especially between egg yield at the second month with total egg yield. As a conclusion, selection studies did not cause much decrease in genetic variation of studied traits, except for egg yield and body weight at sexual maturity. Monthly egg yield data can be used selection studies.

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Recent Approaches in Poultry Breeding

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of Cyclic Chronic Heat Stress on the Expression of Nutrient Transporters in the Jejunum of Modern Broilers and Their Ancestor Wild Jungle Fowl

Effects of Cyclic Chronic Heat Stress on the Expression of Nutrient Transporters in the Jejunum of Modern Broilers and Their Ancestor Wild Jungle Fowl

Processing evaluation of random bred broiler populations and a common ancestor at 55 days under chronic heat stress conditions

Estimation of genetic parameters for some performance traits in a selected Barred Rock line

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