Recent advances of laser-spectroscopy-based techniques for applications in breath analysis

McCurdy, Matthew R.; Bakhirkin, Yury A.; Wysocki, Gerard; Lewicki, R.; Tittel, Frank K.

doi:10.1088/1752-7155/1/1/014001

Cited by 206 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…This makes breath analysis relatively simple to carry out and also very amenable to animal welfare requirements. Recent advances in high-sensitivity, high-selectivity laser spectroscopic techniques and laser sources have made it possible for real-time breath analysis (McCurdy et al, 2007;Sigrist et al, 2008). Many breath biomarkers have been detected by the laser-based techniques, and detection sensitivities are comparable with those from laboratory-based techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

Opportunities and challenges in the use of the Laser Methane Detector to monitor enteric methane emissions from ruminants

Chagunda

2013

Animal

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The objective of this review was to examine the application and relative efficiency of the proprietary hand-held Laser Methane Detector (LMD) in livestock production, with a focus on opportunities and challenges in different production systems. The LMD is based on IR absorption spectroscopy, uses a semiconductor laser as a collimated excitation source and uses the second harmonic detection of wavelength modulation spectroscopy to establish a methane (CH 4 ) concentration measurement. The use of the LMD for CH 4 detection in dairy cows is relatively recent. Although developed for entirely different purposes, the LMD provides an opportunity for non-invasive and non-contact scan sampling of enteric CH 4 . With the possibility for real-time CH 4 measurements, the LMD offers a molecular-sensitive technique for enteric CH 4 detection in ruminants. Initial studies have demonstrated a relatively strong agreement between CH 4 measurements from the LMD with those recorded in the indirect open-circuit respiration calorimetric chamber (correlation coefficient, r 5 0.8, P , 0.001). The LMD has also demonstrated a strong ability to detect periods of high-enteric CH 4 concentration (sensitivity 5 95%) and the ability to avoid misclassifying periods of low-enteric CH 4 concentration (specificity 5 79%). Being portable, the LMD enables spot sampling of methane in different locations and production systems. Two challenges are discussed in the present review. First is on extracting a representation of a point measurement from breath cycle concentrations. The other is on using the LMD in grazing environment. Work so far has shown the need to integrate ambient condition statistics in the flux values. Despite the challenges that have been associated with the use of the LMD, with further validation, the technique has the potential to be utilised as an alternative method in enteric CH 4 measurements in ruminants.Keywords: laser systems, methane, ruminants ImplicationsThe availability of methane monitoring techniques that are able to be applied at individual cow level is crucial to better monitor methane mitigation alternatives while improving the efficiency of livestock production. Although still under the evaluation in livestock systems, the Laser Methane Detector (LMD) has demonstrated its viability to be utilised in enteric methane monitoring in ruminants. This brings with it the potential to extend the LMD's application to farm-level assessment of methane emissions from animals managed under intensive production systems. IntroductionPredominantly, enteric methane (CH 4 ) is produced in the rumen (0.87) and in the large intestine (0.13) in a process called methanogenesis or biomethanation (Murray et al., 1976). Methanogenesis involves the conversion of feed material through the integrated activities of different microbial species including methanogenic archaea (Hobson et al., 1981;Whitford et al., 2001). Enteric methane is a by-product of microbial digestion. In this process, acetate and butyrate are formed from the fermentation of ...

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Opportunities and challenges in the use of the Laser Methane Detector to monitor enteric methane emissions from ruminants

Chagunda

2013

Animal

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“…Exhaled breath contains thousands of molecules, which are at the level of parts per billion (ppb) or even parts per trillion (ppt) [1,2]. These molecules can provide important information about functioning of respiratory system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A patient's breath sample is collected inside a gas cell and wavelength of laser is tuned with respect to absorption peak for particular gas. According to Lambert-Beer's law [2], The transmitted light intensity depends of path of laser within gas sample and absorption strength of gas molecules. An optical resonator system can be used for detection of particular gases within breath sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angular Piezo Actuator Controlled Laser Resonator for Precise Sensing of Respiratory Diseases

Rawankar

Gondane²,

Ravankar

2016

Proceedings of the 3rd International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications, 15–30 November 2016; Availabl

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Breath analysis is a powerful technique for detection of respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) present in breath sample acts a marker for respiratory disease. A system is proposed to design a Breath Analyser instrument. Its subsystems consist of a compact fast response laser system for analysis of multiple gases by infrared absorption. For quantitative analysis of trace gases in human breath, patient's breath sample is collected inside a gas chamber. Two ends of gas chamber are mounted with concave mirrors with special type of mirror holders which have two angle adjustment piezo actuators. Angle adjustment piezo actuators are used to compensate for any angular misalignment in order of micro radians. Third piezo actuator is used for expansion of laser resonator. Special mirror holder consists of three plates which are supported with guide pins. Mirror is mounted on tilt plate which can be rotated in vertical and horizontal direction with the help of two piezo actuators. This mirror holder structure is made of stainless steel and can be used in any type of air and vacuum environment. It is found that for linear misalignment given to any mirror of optical cavity, the angular misalignment exists and vice versa. Thus artifact elimination of laser cavity is sensitive process. With three piezo actuator based special mirror holders, a precise measurement of laser absorption can be done.

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“…QCLAS in the gas phase is now applied in various fields covering environmental trace gas detection [1][2][3], detection of toxic species or explosives [4,5], isotope ratio measurements [6], breath gas analysis [7,8] as well as industrial process monitoring [9] and plasma diagnostics [10][11][12]. The first demonstration of a QCL in 1994 [13], based on the idea of Kazarinov and Suris [14], and further development enable now pulsed or continuous wave, thermoelectrically (TE) cooled, single-mode distributed feedback (DFB-)QCLs to be used in spectrometers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy to studies of fluorocarbon molecules

Welzel¹,

Степанов²,

Meichsner³

et al. 2009

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. The recent advent of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) enables room-temperature mid-infrared spectrometer operation which is particularly favourable for industrial process monitoring and control, i.e. the detection of transient and stable molecular species. Conversely, fluorocarbon containing radio-frequency discharges are of special interest for plasma etching and deposition as well as for fundamental studies on gas phase and plasma surface reactions. The application of QCL absorption spectroscopy to such low pressure plasmas is typically hampered by non-linear effects connected with the pulsed mode of the lasers. Nevertheless, adequate calibration can eliminate such effects, especially in the case of complex spectra where single line parameters are not available. In order to facilitate measurements in fluorocarbon plasmas, studies on complex spectra of CF 4 and C 3 F 8 at 7.86 µm (1269 -1275 cm -1 ) under low pressure conditions have been performed. The intra-pulse mode, i.e. pulses of up to 300 ns, was applied yielding highly resolved spectral scans of ~ 1 cm -1 coverage. Effective absorption cross sections were determined and their temperature dependence was studied in the relevant range up to 400 K and found to be non-negligible.

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Recent advances of laser-spectroscopy-based techniques for applications in breath analysis

Cited by 206 publications

References 80 publications

Opportunities and challenges in the use of the Laser Methane Detector to monitor enteric methane emissions from ruminants

Opportunities and challenges in the use of the Laser Methane Detector to monitor enteric methane emissions from ruminants

Angular Piezo Actuator Controlled Laser Resonator for Precise Sensing of Respiratory Diseases

Application of quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy to studies of fluorocarbon molecules

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