Recent advances in the synthesis and energetic properties of potassium-based potential green primary explosives

Tariq, Qamar‐un‐nisa; Manzoor, Saira; Tariq, Maher-un-Nisa; Cao, Weipeng; Zhang, Jian Guo

doi:10.1016/j.dt.2021.11.003

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Compared to other oxygen‐nitrogen heterocyclic rings, furazan ring‐based energetic compounds often exhibit improved thermal stabilities due to their higher heat of formation (215 kJ ⋅ mol −1 ) [45] . Density and explosive properties could be enhanced by the substitution of the furazan ring with other energetic groups.…”

Section: Metal‐free Primary Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compound 3-7 are not thermally stable (98-117 °C) and their initiation ability are not tested yet. 1,5-Di-nitramino-(tetrazolate) is a well-known powerful explosive with a low decomposition temperature of 110 °C and higher sensitivities (IS = 1 J; FS = < 5 N), was prepared by acid- [31,38,[44][45][46] ification and extraction of its potassium salt. [45] Further, it was treated with different nitrogen-rich bases (ammonium, hydrazinium, and hydroxylammonium) in the presence of methanol and water to obtain a group of corresponding ionic energetic salts (8)(9)(10) in high yield 84-85 % (Scheme 1(c)).…”

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to other oxygen-nitrogen heterocyclic rings, furazan ring-based energetic compounds often exhibit improved thermal stabilities due to their higher heat of formation (215 kJ ⋅ mol À 1 ). [45] Density and explosive properties could be enhanced by the substitution of the furazan ring with other energetic groups. The introduction of nitramide or dinitromethyl (well-known explosophore group) into the furazan backbone is responsible for the improvement of density, oxygen balance, and detonation properties of the resulting compounds.…”

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, environmentally friendly N 2 gas is one of the key decomposition products of both heterocyclic moieties. [45] By a combination of tetrazole and furoxan moieties, the energetic perform-Scheme 4. Synthesis of compounds 29-34: (k) 29-34.…”

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tetrazole moiety usually exhibits promising features of a higher percentage of nitrogen contents and thermally stable nature due to aromaticity. Additionally, environmentally friendly N 2 gas is one of the key decomposition products of both heterocyclic moieties [45] . By a combination of tetrazole and furoxan moieties, the energetic performance and oxygen balance of the resultant product are enhanced.…”

Section: Metal‐free Primary Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Energetic Properties of Trending Metal‐Free Potential Green Primary Explosives: A Review

et al. 2022

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The requirements for the chemical to act as a primary explosive, its importance, and the hazards associated with heavy‐metal‐based primary explosives are all well‐stated in this review. In addition, it outlined the limitations of the heavy‐metal‐free primary explosives already in use. This analysis underlines the importance of green primary explosives with updated information. It summarizes the possible candidates of metal‐free new generation green primary explosives, including their preparation routes, energetic properties, applications, and comparisons to traditional primary explosives. Furthermore, this analysis also aims to discuss the necessity for metal‐free primary explosives as well as the significant problem of replacing traditional primary explosives.

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Section: Metal‐free Primary Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal‐free Primary Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Energetic Properties of Trending Metal‐Free Potential Green Primary Explosives: A Review

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Solvent Free Potassium 3,5‐dinitro‐6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydropyrazin‐2‐olate 3D EMOF as Thermally Stable Energetic Material

Yadav,

Ghule,

Dharavath

2024

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Heat‐resistant explosives play a vital role in indispensable applications. For this, we have synthesized a novel, three‐dimensional, solvent‐free energetic metal−organic framework (EMOF) potassium 3,5‐dinitro‐6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydropyrazin‐2‐olate (KDNODP) straightforwardly. The synthesized EMOF was characterized through IR, NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry studies. Furthermore, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction provided a complete description of KDNODP. It exhibits a three‐dimensional EMOF structure with remarkably balanced properties such as high density (2.11 g cm−3), excellent thermal stability (291 ℃), good detonation performance (8127 m s−1 and 26.94 GPa) and low mechanical sensitivity (IS = 35 J; FS = 360 N) than the commonly used heat‐resistant explosives HNS (density = 1.74 g cm‐3; VOD = 7164 m s‐1, DP = 21.65 GPa, IS = 5 J) as well as the similar reported energetic potassium MOFs. To gain insights into the packing and intermolecular interactions, the Hirshfeld surface and a 2D fingerprint analysis were examined. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the particle size and morphological characteristics of KDNODP. These outcomes highlight a successful method for creating 3D EMOF based on a six‐membered heterocycle as a potential heat‐resistant energetic material.

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High Inhibition for a Co^II Tetrazole Bi‐pyrazole Dinuclear Complex against Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. Albedinis

Bahjou,

Radi,

El Massaoudi

et al. 2023

Eur J Inorg Chem

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New coordination compounds made of two novel tetrazole and C,N‐bipyrazole ligands, 2‐(3,5,5′‐trimethyl‐1′H‐[1,3′‐bipyrazol]‐1′‐yl)acetonitrile (L1), and 1′‐((1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)methyl)‐3,5,5′‐trimethyl‐1′H‐1,3′‐bipyrazole (HL2), were prepared and fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Their crystal structures were identified by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealing mononuclear complexes: [Ni(L1)3](ClO4)2 (1), [Cd(L1)2Cl2] (2), [Cu(HL2)(L2)]ClO4 (3), [Cu(L2)2] (4) and a dinuclear complex [Co2(HL2)(L2)Cl3] (5) comprising CoII ions in octahedral and tetrahedral surrounding within the same unit. Noticeably, 3 and 4 show different architectural structures due to ligand deprotonation as well as the effect of the counter anion. All compounds demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) bacteria Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Gram (−) bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi Geotrichum candidum, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium crustosum. Interestingly, a high inhibition activity of 97 % was reached for 5 with a low concentration of only 81.1 μmol/L against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Albedinis, which is commonly damaging palm trees crops.

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Recent advances in the synthesis and energetic properties of potassium-based potential green primary explosives

Cited by 8 publications

References 77 publications

Synthesis and Energetic Properties of Trending Metal‐Free Potential Green Primary Explosives: A Review

Synthesis and Energetic Properties of Trending Metal‐Free Potential Green Primary Explosives: A Review

Solvent Free Potassium 3,5‐dinitro‐6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydropyrazin‐2‐olate 3D EMOF as Thermally Stable Energetic Material

High Inhibition for a Co^II Tetrazole Bi‐pyrazole Dinuclear Complex against Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. Albedinis

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Recent advances in the synthesis and energetic properties of potassium-based potential green primary explosives

Cited by 8 publications

References 77 publications

Synthesis and Energetic Properties of Trending Metal‐Free Potential Green Primary Explosives: A Review

Synthesis and Energetic Properties of Trending Metal‐Free Potential Green Primary Explosives: A Review

Solvent Free Potassium 3,5‐dinitro‐6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydropyrazin‐2‐olate 3D EMOF as Thermally Stable Energetic Material

High Inhibition for a CoII Tetrazole Bi‐pyrazole Dinuclear Complex against Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. Albedinis

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High Inhibition for a Co^II Tetrazole Bi‐pyrazole Dinuclear Complex against Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. Albedinis