Recent advances in the rational design of alkaline OER catalysts: from electronic structures to industrial applications

Abstract

Rational design of high-performance OER catalyst based on the fundamental electronic structure to industrial requirements.

Advances in the mechanism investigation for the oxygen evolution reaction: fundamental theory and monitoring techniques

“…Hence, the main target of OER catalysts optimizing/designing is to decrease their overpotential. To optimize the activity of these catalysts, 8 strategies to regulate the electronic structure of them such as substitution of foreign elements, 55–58 generating vacancies, 59–62 tuning strain, 63–68 and engineering interfaces 69–75 can be used. For an ideal OER catalyst, the four steps share the uphill free energy (4.92 eV) equally.…”

Interface engineering towards overall water electrolysis over NiCo2O4/NiMo hybrid catalysts

“…Overall water electrolysis plays an important role in energy conversion and storage, including two half-reactions, hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution (OER). 1–4 The corresponding commercial catalysts are precious metal-based Pt for the HER and IrO 2 or RuO 2 for the OER. 5 Owing to the limited resources of precious metals, the development of cheap and efficient transition metal-based catalysts is highly in demand.…”

Recent Advances in Hydrogen Production from Hybrid Water Electrolysis through Alternative Oxidation Reactions

“…Unfortunately, the sluggish kinetics of OER and the high overpotentials required for both HER and OER to reach appreciable current densities, resulting in relatively low energy conversion efficiencies. [6,7] Thus, the input potential for hydrogen [8,9] or oxygen evolution [10][11][12] reactions to achieve industrial level current density in practical electrolyzers is almost 1.5 to 2.2 times [13] theoretical thermodynamic splitting voltage (1.23 V). In addition, electrode materials are usually needed such as noble metal-based catalysts (e. g., Pt for HER and IrO 2 or RuO 2 for OER) for acidic media [14,15] and transition metal-based catalysts (e. g., Ni, Co) [16][17][18] for alkaline electrolytes.…”

“…By using ion exchange membranes or separating the cathode and anode electrolysis chambers physically, high‐purity H 2 can be directly obtained at the cathode. Unfortunately, the sluggish kinetics of OER and the high overpotentials required for both HER and OER to reach appreciable current densities, resulting in relatively low energy conversion efficiencies [6,7] . Thus, the input potential for hydrogen [8,9] or oxygen evolution [10–12] reactions to achieve industrial level current density in practical electrolyzers is almost 1.5 to 2.2 times [13] theoretical thermodynamic splitting voltage (1.23 V).…”