Recent advances in rice biotechnology—towards genetically superior transgenic rice

Bajaj, Swati; Mohanty, Amitabh

doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00130.x

Cited by 213 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 391 publications

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“…Salt-induced accumulation of sugar alcohols like sorbitol, mannitol, inositol etc., or carbohydrates (sucrose, fructans etc. ), and organic and amino acids like malate and proline, and many redoxregulating compounds such as glutathione, cystein and ascorbate and synthesis of LEA group of proteins have been documented in various plant species [20][21]. Metabolically engineered transgenics, leading for increase synthesis and accumulation of osmolytes of various natures have been shown to protect the plant against salinity stress [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmolyte modulated enhanced rice leaf catalase activity under salt-stress

Sahu¹,

Das²,

Ray³

et al. 2010

ABB

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Change in catalase activity was examined in leaves of rice plant exposed to salinity. Depending on the method of preparation of crude protein extract from leaf and the constituents of the assay medium, a significant difference in enzyme activity was recorded. Inclusion of sorbitol or mannitol or sucrose in the extraction and enzyme assay medium enhanced the enzyme activity in salt-stressed samples by nearly 1.5-1.8 fold, compared to the activity found in unstressed plants, which otherwise showed a 50% declined activity in leaf extract prepared in buffer solution and assayed in a medium depleted of these sugars. In view of the accumulation of osmolytes under saline condition, these observations suggest that the catalase activity is modulated by the osmolytes and maintains a high rate of hydrogen peroxide scavenging property in vivo and serves as the major antioxidant enzyme to scavenge the salt-induced formation of peroxide. Therefore, the salt-stress induced appearance of low activity of the enzyme under normal buffer extraction and assay conditions, as reported in literature may represent an apparent than for its real in vivo activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmolyte modulated enhanced rice leaf catalase activity under salt-stress

Sahu¹,

Das²,

Ray³

et al. 2010

ABB

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“…NIRS is time-saving and low-cost, and previous studies have used NIRS to determine quality characteristics such as moisture, protein, starch, amylose and lipids in buckwheat, wheat, barley, maize, soybean and rice [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]; the practice was widely accepted in the trade of these products. To date, many genes related to important agronomic traits and seed qualities have been identified through breeding and genetic transformation protocols [1,5,18], and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and mapbased cloning have been applied to identify loci associated with seed quality control [19,20]. Chinese geneticists and breeders have made great progress in the hybrid rice technology [21], and marker-assisted selection has been widely used to pyramid functional genes into popular hybrid rice cultivars to improve the seed quality [22,23].…”

Section: Fang-fang Fu Et Al 381mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, many genes related to important agronomic traits and seed qualities have been identified through breeding and genetic transformation protocols [1,5,18], and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and mapbased cloning have been applied to identify loci associated with seed quality control [19,20]. Chinese geneticists and breeders have made great progress in the hybrid rice technology [21], and marker-assisted selection has been widely used to pyramid functional genes into popular hybrid rice cultivars to improve the seed quality [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on rice seed quality through analysis of a large-scale T-DNA insertion population

et al. 2009

Cell Res

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A rice (Oryza sativa) T-DNA insertion population, which included more than 63 000 independent transgenic lines and 8 840 identified flanking sequence tags (FSTs) that were mapped onto the rice genome, was developed to systemically study the rice seed quality control. Genome-wide analysis of the FST distribution showed that T-DNA insertions were positively correlated with expressed genes, but negatively with transposable elements and small RNAs. In addition, the recovered T-DNAs were preferentially located at the untranslated region of the expressed genes. More than 11 000 putative homozygous lines were obtained through multi-generations of planting and resistance screening, and measurement of seed quality of around half of them, including the contents of starch, amylose, protein and fat, with a nondestructive near-infrared spectroscopy method, identified 551 mutants with unique or multiple altered parameters of seed quality. Analysis of the corresponding FSTs showed that genes participating in diverse functions, including metabolic processes and transcriptional regulation, were involved, indicating that seed quality is regulated by a complex network. IntroductionRice (Oryza sativa), as a wholesome and nutritious cereal grain, provides the staple food for more than half of the world's population [1]. Along with the growth of economies and population throughout the world, there is an increasing demand for high-yield and high-quality rice. The grain quality of rice, including that of milling, appearance, cooking and eating, and nutrition, is determined by multiple physicochemical properties [2], and studies on the involved key genes and relevant regulatory mechanisms will help to illustrate the regulatory networks of rice quality control and benefit for the breeding efforts.Starch, which is composed of amylose and amylopectin, comprises ∼90% of dry endosperm of rice seed.The apparent amylose content (AAC) is recognized as an important determinant of the appearance and texture of grain [3]. Thai jasmine rice (KDML 105), one of the best-quality rice with good cooking and eating qualities, has low amylose content (AC) and medium gel consistency (GC) [4].The nutritional quality includes the proportions of protein, fat, mineral and other substances [5]. The rice protein is rich in methionine and cysteine, and compares favorably with proteins of other cereals, but is poor in lysine and threonine, making it an incomplete protein source for human infants [6]. Storage triacylglycerols are stored in oil bodies containing phospholipids and oleosins at the surface [7], and oil bodies are abundant in embryo and aleurone layer of rice seed. However, the aleurone layer is usually removed by milling because it turns rancid upon storage [8]. In addition, oil also influences other aspects of seed quality, and a recent report showed that the quality and viability of Arabidopsis seeds can be enhanced by suppressing phospholipase D [9].The near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology, which is based on the fact that several natural pr...

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“…One option is to increase the area under rice cultivation, which is getting more difficult as more farmlands are being converted to residential areas in the developing world. The most viable option, therefore, is to increase productivity by advances in biotechnology (Bajaj and Mohanty, 2005). Biotechnological techniques have been used to improve the existing cultivars, for the synthesis of novel plants and early release of high-yielding plants and plants resistant to various diseases, pests, stresses and temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%