Recent advances in enzyme promiscuity

Abstract

Enzyme promiscuity is defined as the capability of an enzyme to catalyze a reaction other than the reaction for which it has been specialized. Although, enzyme is known for its specificity, many enzymes are reported to be promiscuous in nature. However, the promiscuous function may not be relevant in physiological conditions. The reasons could be either very low level of catalytic activity or unavailability of the substrates in the cell. Hitherto, the enzyme promiscuity is of great importance because they are the starting point for the evolution of new functions in the nature. In addition, the promiscuous activities are utilized for the development of new catalytic functions by applying directed laboratory evolution and protein engineering techniques. The aim of this review is to provide recent developments on the understanding of the mechanism of catalytic promiscuity, evolvability of promiscuous functions and the applications of enzyme promiscuity in the designing of enhanced or new functional biocatalysts.

Review of NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases: Properties, engineering and application

“…Promiscuous enzymes and enzymes with a wide substrate range are of particular interest, since even an initially low catalytic activity towards a specific substrate can be a good starting point to generate, by means of protein engineering and directed evolution approaches, an efficient catalyst suitable for a specific reaction, which does not necessarily match the physiological reaction carried out by the original enzyme [54].…”

Evolução Dirigida De Enzimas: Pequenas Modificações, Melhores Biocatalisadores

“…Essa capacidade das enzimas de catalisarem reações diferentes das quais elas foram especializadas é conhecida por promiscuidade enzimática. 68 Aproveitando a promiscuidade enzimática e impulsionado pelos conhecimentos sobre mecanismos de reações orgânicas, atualmente é possível modificar enzimas com atividades já conhecidas para que as mesmas catalisem reações ditas "não-naturais", ou seja, aquelas reações que ainda não foram observadas ocorrendo na natureza. 69 Não se trata da criação de novos sítios catalíticos a partir do zero, e sim do aproveitamento da existência de sítios catalíticos já existentes e ampliação do fornecimento de substratos que nunca estariam disponíveis naturalmente.…”

Advances in bio‐based production of dicarboxylic acids longer than C4

“…Briefly speaking, enzyme promiscuity enables the construction of a pathway with multiple reaction routes such as reversal β-oxidation cycle, biotinsynthesis cycle, etc., which can be considered as flexible modules [103]. Briefly speaking, enzyme promiscuity enables the construction of a pathway with multiple reaction routes such as reversal β-oxidation cycle, biotinsynthesis cycle, etc., which can be considered as flexible modules [103].…”

“…For various DCAs biosynthetic pathways as overviewed, an ideal approach is to coherently take advantage of the specificity and promiscuity of related enzymes. Briefly speaking, enzyme promiscuity enables the construction of a pathway with multiple reaction routes such as reversal β-oxidation cycle, biotinsynthesis cycle, etc., which can be considered as flexible modules [103]. On the contrary, enzymes with high selectivity are applied to ensure the specificities of the pathways toward a directed flux.…”