Evolução Dirigida De Enzimas: Pequenas Modificações, Melhores Biocatalisadores

Abstract

Recebido em 05/11/2019; aceito em 19/03/2020; publicado na web em 24/04/2020 DIRECTED EVOLUTION OF ENZYMES: SMALL CHANGES, BETTER BIOCATALYSTS. Biocatalysis is now a mature field, both in the laboratory and industrial scale. This approach counts on enzyme high selectivity, biodegradability, elegant control over the outcome of reaction conditions and as a possible solution to address some challenges in Green Chemistry faced by synthetic organic chemists. However, many wild-type ready-to-use enzymes were not designed to accommodate the organic substrates needed by today's demands. Or they do not fit a predefined optimum process condition or even, useful reactions are not accessible because there is no enzyme counterpart for metallo-and organocatalysts. This review will give a brief introduction on the protein engineering tools (directed evolution, rational design, and semi-rational design) and will focus on directed evolution of enzymes, their impact in chemistry with examples from production of commodity chemicals to pharmaceutical intermediates and its potential as a tool to achieve greener chemistry criteria will be discussed.

Enzyme technology in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass: Recent trends with a focus on immobilized enzymes

“…In addition, it is important to mention that activity, selectivity, and specificity of natural enzymes were developed for their physiological substrates, which, in most cases, are different from the industrial interest substrates (Souza et al 2022). Based on the high industrial interest in enzymes as biocatalysts, it was developed some techniques to improve the enzymatic properties of natural enzymes, namely chemical modification (Giri et al 2021), rational design (Teixeira and Milagre 2020), direct evolution (Romero and Arnold 2009), and immobilization (Mateo et al 2007).…”