Recent advancement in isolation, processing, characterization and applications of emerging nanocellulose: A review

Noremylia, M. B.; Hassan, Mohamad Zaki; Ismail, Zarini

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.064

Cited by 107 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…Some aerobic nonpathogenic bacteria (for example, Taonella mepensis, Aerobacter, Azotobacter, Rhizobium) can produce BC in the form of exopolysaccharides at the gas–liquid interface, and BC combines the properties of both cellulose and nanomaterials [ 52 ]. The pretreatment and extraction techniques used to prepare nanocellulose must be carried out under specific conditions to improve the yield and obtain the desired specifications and properties [ 53 ]. Methods for producing nanocellulose vary by source and end application purpose.…”

Section: Preparation and Characteristics Of Nanocellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose fibers can be mechanically processed by different mechanical methods to extract nanocellulose, and the most studied techniques include ultrasonication, ball milling, microfluidization, and high-pressure homogenization ( Figure 6 c) [ 53 ]. Compared with acid hydrolysis, the mechanical process is simple, efficient, and does not require chemical solvents.…”

Section: Preparation and Characteristics Of Nanocellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging Food Packaging Applications of Cellulose Nanocomposites: A Review

Zhang

Zhong

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, which is synthesized by plants, bacteria, and animals, with source-dependent properties. Cellulose containing β-1,4-linked D-glucoses further assembles into hierarchical structures in microfibrils, which can be processed to nanocellulose with length or width in the nanoscale after a variety of pretreatments including enzymatic hydrolysis, TEMPO-oxidation, and carboxymethylation. Nanocellulose can be mainly categorized into cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) produced by acid hydrolysis, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) prepared by refining, homogenization, microfluidization, sonification, ball milling, and the aqueous counter collision (ACC) method, and bacterial cellulose (BC) biosynthesized by the Acetobacter species. Due to nontoxicity, good biodegradability and biocompatibility, high aspect ratio, low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent mechanical strength, and unique optical properties, nanocellulose is utilized to develop various cellulose nanocomposites through solution casting, Layer-by-Layer (LBL) assembly, extrusion, coating, gel-forming, spray drying, electrostatic spinning, adsorption, nanoemulsion, and other techniques, and has been widely used as food packaging material with excellent barrier and mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, and stimuli-responsive performance to improve the food quality and shelf life. Under the driving force of the increasing green food packaging market, nanocellulose production has gradually developed from lab-scale to pilot- or even industrial-scale, mainly in Europe, Africa, and Asia, though developing cost-effective preparation techniques and precisely tuning the physicochemical properties are key to the commercialization. We expect this review to summarise the recent literature in the nanocellulose-based food packaging field and provide the readers with the state-of-the-art of this research area.

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Section: Preparation and Characteristics Of Nanocellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation and Characteristics Of Nanocellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Food Packaging Applications of Cellulose Nanocomposites: A Review

Zhang

Zhong

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…The use of weak acids leads to cellulose fibers with low crystallinity and fibrous morphology as a result of the low dissociation constant of these acids [ 76 ]. Despite being a simple and fast isolation method, sulfuric acid hydrolysis has the advantage of yielding CNCs with higher crystallinity degree (over 90%) and also leads to the sulfate esterification of the CNCs surface, which enhances CNCs’ phase stability in aqueous medium [ 79 ]. However, sulfate esterification decreases their thermal stability in the case of thermal treatments.…”

Section: Cellulose Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanocrystals

et al. 2022

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Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is one of the most promising substitutes for the petroleum-based polymers used in the packaging and biomedical fields due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, good stiffness, and strength, along with its good gas-barrier properties. One route to overcome some of the PHB’s weaknesses, such as its slow crystallization, brittleness, modest thermal stability, and low melt strength is the addition of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and the production of PHB/CNCs nanocomposites. Choosing the adequate processing technology for the fabrication of the PHB/CNCs nanocomposites and a suitable surface treatment for the CNCs are key factors in obtaining a good interfacial adhesion, superior thermal stability, and mechanical performances for the resulting nanocomposites. The information provided in this review related to the preparation routes, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of the PHB/CNCs nanocomposites may represent a starting point in finding new strategies to reduce the manufacturing costs or to design better technological solutions for the production of these materials at industrial scale. It is outlined in this review that the use of low-value biomass resources in the obtaining of both PHB and CNCs might be a safe track for a circular and bio-based economy. Undoubtedly, the PHB/CNCs nanocomposites will be an important part of a greener future in terms of successful replacement of the conventional plastic materials in many engineering and biomedical applications.

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“…Natural fibres often derived from renewable sources consist of plants, animals, and minerals [1]. Plant fibres are made up of cellulose, which is the most prevalent natural fibre in the world [2,3]. Khan et al listed the most important plant fibres including abaca, henequen, jute, kenaf, oil, pineapple, ramie, sisal, bamboo, banana, coir, cotton, curaua, flax, hemp, and wood [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of PALF/Kevlar-Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Hybrid Composite Laminates

et al. 2022

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Natural and synthetic fibres are in high demand due to their superior properties. Natural fibres are less expensive and lighter as compared to synthetic fibres. Synthetic fibres have drawn much attention, especially for their outstanding properties, such as durability, and stability. The hybridisation between natural and synthetic fibres composite are considered as an alternative to improve the current properties of natural and synthetic fibres. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the physical and mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) and Kevlar reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) hybrid composites. The PALF/Kevlar hybrid composites were fabricated by using hand layup method utilising unsaturated polyester as the matrix. These composites were laid up to various laminated configurations, such as [PKP]s, [PPK]s, [KPP]s, [KKP]s, [PPP]s and [KKK]s, whereby PALF denoted as P and Kevlar denoted as K. Next, they were cut into size and dimensions according to standards. Initially, the density of PALF/Kevlar reinforced unsaturated polyester were evaluated. The highest density result was obtained from [KKK]s, however, the density of hybrid composites was closely indistinguishable. Next, moisture absorption behaviour and its effects on the PALF/Kevlar reinforced unsaturated polyester were investigated. The water absorption studies showed that the hybridisation between all PALF and Kevlar specimens absorbed moisture drastically at the beginning of the moisture absorption test and the percentage of moisture uptake increased with the volume fraction of PALF in the samples. The tensile test indicated that all specimens exhibited nonlinear stress-strain behaviour and shown a pseudo-ductility behaviour. [KKP]s and [KPK]s hybrid composites showed the highest tensile strength and modulus. The flexural test showed that [KPK]s had the highest flexural strength of 164.0 MPa and [KKP]s had the highest flexural modulus of 12.6 GPa. In terms of the impact strength and resistance, [KKP]s outperformed the composite laminates. According to SEM scans, the hybrid composites demonstrated a stronger interfacial adhesion between the fibres and matrix than pure PALF composite.

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Recent advancement in isolation, processing, characterization and applications of emerging nanocellulose: A review

Cited by 107 publications

References 188 publications

Emerging Food Packaging Applications of Cellulose Nanocomposites: A Review

Emerging Food Packaging Applications of Cellulose Nanocomposites: A Review

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanocrystals

Mechanical Properties of PALF/Kevlar-Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Hybrid Composite Laminates

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