Reassessing energy intensities: a quest for new realism

A new approach to modeling the effects of temperature fluctuations on monthly electricity demand

“…Of course, piecewise linearity of the TRF and an arbitrary specification of the threshold may still be inadequate, and there are a number of studies aimed at improving the functional form by way of more sophisticated nonlinear parametric methods or even nonparametric 1 Our approach does not explicitly model a demand response from temperature fluctuations at periodicities longer than seasonal, because we do not differentiate between the distribution of temperatures in January of one year from that January in another year. methods, including Engle et al (1986), Filippini (1995), Pagá and Gürer (1996), Henley and Peirson (1998), Valor et al (2001), Pardo et al (2002), and Moral-Carcedo and Vincens-Otero (2005).…”

Energy indicators

“…Energy intensity, as an aggregate measure of the energy use and economic activity relationship, and defined as the ratio of primary energy supply to GDP, refers to the calculation in terms of barrels of oil equivalent (boe) per international $1000 of GDP at 2000 PPPs. While differences in energy intensity levels can be attributed to factors like geography, wealth, culture, natural endowment and economic structure, their movement over time reflects the combined effects of efficiency improvements, structural changes in the economy, changes in energy‐using activities and fuel substitution (Pagá and Gürer, 1996). The indicators can reveal useful information about the energy performance of different economies, and can be utilised in the analysis of energy consumption trends and projections (Gürer and Ban, 1997).…”

Factors Affecting Energy‐related CO2 Emissions: Past Levels and Present Trends

“…Energy intensity, defined as the ratio of primary energy supply (including biomass) to gross domestic product, refers here to the calculation in terms of barrels of oil equivalent per international $1,000 GDP, at 1990 purchasing power parities (PPP). While differences in energy intensity levels can be attributed to factors like geography, wealth, culture, natural endowment and economic structure, 12 their movement over time reflects the combined effects of efficiency improvements, structural changes in the economy, changes in energy-using activities and fuel substitution (Pagá and Gürer, 1996a).…”