Realizing the Right to Sanitation in Deprived Urban Communities: Meeting the Challenges of Collective Action, Coproduction, Affordability, and Housing Tenure

McGranahan, Gordon

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.12.008

Cited by 118 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…When users are in agreement, it is possible and easier to organise for collective action to ensure that shared facilities are of acceptable quality. McGranahan [24] also highlights the importance of collective action in sanitation by noting that when there is collective action, it becomes possible to solve local sanitation challenges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In urban areas, a household’s benefits from sanitation depend largely on the actions of others [24, 25] and the CPR management principles are a possible avenue to an in-depth understanding of group actions influencing shared sanitation quality. The aim of this study was thus twofold: To examine the quality of shared sanitation facilities in informal settlements, and to use the CPR principles to investigate the determinants of shared sanitation quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of quality of shared sanitation facilities in informal settlements: case study of Kisumu, Kenya

et al. 2017

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BackgroundShared facilities are not recognised as improved sanitation due to challenges of maintenance as they easily can be avenues for the spread of diseases. Thus there is need to evaluate the quality of shared facilities, especially in informal settlements, where they are commonly used. A shared facility can be equated to a common good whose management depends on the users. If users do not work collectively towards keeping the facility clean, it is likely that the quality may depreciate due to lack of maintenance. This study examined the quality of shared sanitation facilities and used the common pool resource (CPR) management principles to examine the determinants of shared sanitation quality in the informal settlements of Kisumu, Kenya.MethodsUsing a multiple case study design, the study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods. In both phases, users of shared sanitation facilities were interviewed, while shared sanitation facilities were inspected. Shared sanitation quality was a score which was the dependent variable in a regression analysis. Interviews during the qualitative stage were aimed at understanding management practices of shared sanitation users. Qualitative data was analysed thematically by following the CPR principles.ResultsShared facilities, most of which were dirty, were shared by an average of eight households, and their quality decreased with an increase in the number of households sharing. The effect of numbers on quality is explained by behaviour reflected in the CPR principles, as it was easier to define boundaries of shared facilities when there were fewer users who cooperated towards improving their shared sanitation facility. Other factors, such as defined management systems, cooperation, collective decision making, and social norms, also played a role in influencing the behaviour of users towards keeping shared facilities clean and functional.ConclusionApart from hardware factors, quality of shared sanitation is largely due to group behaviour of users. The CPR principles form a crucial lens through which the dynamics of shared sanitation facilities in informal settlements can be understood. Development and policy efforts should incorporate group behaviour as they determine the quality of shared sanitation facilities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of quality of shared sanitation facilities in informal settlements: case study of Kisumu, Kenya

et al. 2017

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“…This is because the challenges of human rights realisation and human development are not confined to the legal framework (Arts, 2014;McGranahan, 2013;Obani & Gupta, 2014b;Sosa & Zwarteveen, 2016). However, there is no comprehensive scholarly analysis of whether and how the HRS addresses the drivers of poor sanitation (see 3.4).…”

Section: Inchoate Consideration Of the Drivers Of Poor Sanitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scholars further propose that the HRS can address environmental sustainability simultaneously (for instance, Feris, 2015) and that addressing the challenges of the poor inevitably requires renegotiating the political context (for instance, McGranahan, 2013). Since the concept of inclusive development (ID) calls for social, ecological and relational inclusiveness (see Gupta, Pouw & Ros-Tonen, 2015), I adopt ID as an overarching or guiding norm for the HRS in my thesis.…”

Section: Right To Sanitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participation of the local population can uncover local traditions and practices which may be adapted at low cost to address poor sanitation (McGranahan, 2013). However, participatory approaches without human rights safeguards can be subject to the power structures in communities and still exclude the marginalised and vulnerable who do not participate in the political/policy making process, like residents in informal settlements.…”

Section: Social and Relational Inclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strengthening the Human Right to Sanitation as an Instrument for Inclusive Development

Obani¹

2018

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The potential for scaling up container‐based sanitation in informal settlements in Kenya

Mallory

Mdee

Agol

et al. 2022

J of Intl Development

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Kenya has enshrined the right to sanitation in the 2010 constitution. Achieving this requires scaling up infrastructure and models of delivery beyond sewer networks that have previously been the focus. In Kenya, two enterprises, Sanergy and Sanivation, have been providing new forms of off‐grid services with container‐based sanitation (CBS). This paper uses a political economy analysis to understand the incentives, institutions and power dynamics that are enabling or constraining the potential for such off‐grid sanitation models. The paper outlines six core problems to be addressed in the pursuit of scaling up: fragmented governance; sustainability of CBS enterprise models; service delivery planning in informal settlements; personal power rather than institutions in decision‐making; vested local interests; and land tenure and political connection. It discusses how stakeholders might work collaboratively to progressively address or recognise these issues.

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Realizing the Right to Sanitation in Deprived Urban Communities: Meeting the Challenges of Collective Action, Coproduction, Affordability, and Housing Tenure

Cited by 118 publications

References 36 publications

Determinants of quality of shared sanitation facilities in informal settlements: case study of Kisumu, Kenya

Determinants of quality of shared sanitation facilities in informal settlements: case study of Kisumu, Kenya

Strengthening the Human Right to Sanitation as an Instrument for Inclusive Development

The potential for scaling up container‐based sanitation in informal settlements in Kenya

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