Realistic Indoor Wi-Fi and Femto Deployment Study as the Offloading Solution to LTE Macro Networks

Abstract

This paper investigates the downlink performance of indoor deployed Wi-Fi and Femto as the offloading solution to the LTE macro cellular networks in a realistic large-scale denseurban scenario. With an assumed broadband traffic volume growth of 50x compared to today's levels, it is evaluated that a dual-carrier LTE macro network will not be able to provide sufficient service coverage with a 1 Mbps minimum data rate and, indoor coverage is identified as the major bottleneck.. We evaluate the performance of indoor Wi-Fi and Femto cell deployment to offload the congested LTE macro network. We show that, in a dual-carrier LTE macro case with a total of 30 MHz spectrum, Wi-Fi access point density of 230/km2 is required to meet the set target of 90% coverage with a minimum user data rate of 1 Mbps. For the same scenario it was found that an outband Femto access point density of 1200/km2 is required. Furthermore, we show that in-band Femto cell cannot meet the set network requirement even at a very high access point density. We also show that Wi-Fi and Femto cell can offload the same amount of traffic when they are deployed at the same access point density. I.

Performance Evaluation for Wi-Fi Offloading Schemes in LTE Networks

“…A performance investigation presented in [12] to down link in a realistic indoor Wi-Fi and femto-cells, as a solution to offload LTE macro networks with the 50x growth assumption for data traffic. The Wi-Fi deployment can meet the target network (KPI) Key Performance Indicator 90% ,with a minimum data rate of 1 Mbps at 230AP/Km2 access point density.…”

Optimising QoE Distribution for Video Applications through LTE-WiFi Interworking

“…client and network based IP mobility in IFOM [5]). The performance of the standardized traffic offloading mechanism is also being investigated together with small-cell and D2D communication technologies [11]- [13]. In collaboration with protocols at higher layers, the traffic offloading mechanism has been employed to improve the performance at the application layer in a cross-layer paradigm [14].…”

Modeling of Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11ac Offloading Performance for 1000x Capacity Expansion of LTE-Advanced

“…The Wi-Fi 802.11ac deployment study has been carried out in a dense urban scenario with a deployed LTE-A network that is upgraded from the existing 3G macro site locations (described in [6] [7]). The size of the investigated area is approximately 1 km 2 , containing 4 three-sector macro sites with optimized antenna down-tilt and average inter-site distance of ~300 m. In addition, there are 40 outdoor micro cells deployed in traffic hotspot area to help offloading the macro cell.…”

“…The same cellular radio performance model as in [7] is employed. The LTE-A physical layer performance is modeled by a SINR-toPhysical_Throughput mapping curve that includes adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) and multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) transmission up to 2x2 spatial multiplexing, whereas the user outage minimization scheduler is employed for radio resource allocation as described in previous work [6] [7].…”

“…Outdoor to indoor path loss is predicted by using a 20 dB external wall loss plus a linear attenuation factor of 0.6 dB/meter for indoor internal wall loss [6] [7].…”