Real-time stand-off detection of improvised explosive materials using time-gated UV–Raman spectroscopy

Standoff Detection and Identification of Explosives and Hazardous Chemicals in Simulated Real Field Scenario using Time Gated Raman Spectroscopy

“…For each measurement of deposited materials 100 pulses were irradiated on target samples and backscattered Raman signals were accumulated. Recorded standoff Raman spectra of PnBA and An were analysed using available data of nitroaromatic compounds and inorganic nitrate salts [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] . Main Raman peaks of PnBA and An with peak position and assignments are listed in Table 1.…”

Recent Advances in Sensing Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Photonic Crystals

“…Residues in the synthesis or transportation of many explosives or explosive intermediates will cause environmental pollution and endanger human health (Gulati et al, 2019 ; Peter et al, 2019 ). Real-time, sensitive, and simple explosive sensor technology is of vital importance in counter-terrorism, public security, and military applications.…”

Raman Scattering Techniques for Defense and Security Applications

“…In recent years, a number of studies have been published that highlight the potential of Raman-based techniques for this role. Much of this work has centered on time-gated Raman for stand-off detection, − which is discussed in a later section, and spatially-offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS); − however, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has also been investigated, − alongside other techniques. − …”

“…The ability to gate the collection of signal allows this approach to mitigate some of the fluorescent signal, which takes place over a longer time scale than the very rapid Raman scattering process, as well as exclude interference from daylight and atmospheric gases, like N 2 and O 2 , which would otherwise contribute to the detected signal to a measurable extent. Several studies have reported on this technique in the last 2 years, detecting explosive materials at distances from 50 cm to over 1 mile − ,, as well as on a range of materials, such as soil, wood, and grass. , The ability to detect samples of interest in these kinds of materials is a vital component of Raman’s development into a viable tool for security applications, as real-world samples are often contaminated or on less-than-ideal surfaces.…”