Real-Time Simulation of MMCs Using CPU and FPGA

Setup and performances of the real-time simulation platform connected to the INELFE control system

“…MMC models for EMT studies have been developed and presented in Saad et al [2] and [10]. RTE also decided to build a real-time laboratory that hosts the replicas of the control system cubicles installed on site.…”

“…Detailed converter models have been successfully achieved in the recent years. Some detailed models for real-time simulations are described in [10][11][12]. As explained in Venjakob et al [13], due to the fact that the detailed simulation of the MMC requires a very high number of submodules and a massive amount of I/Os, SIEMENS reduced the amount of hardware needed by using an equivalent circuit for the converter.…”

“…For EMT-type studies for Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs). Some of these models are presented in Saad et al [2], Peralta et al [3] and Saad et al [10].…”

Numerical stability of multi-rate system using Lyapunov's theorem: Applied to real-time simulation

“…Taking the autonomous system (7), where X is the state vector and Ad is the state-space matrix, (6) can be rewritten to give (8). This equation ties P to the state-space matrix Ad, which is the system under study.…”

Dynamic Behaviour of Multi-Terminal VSC-Based HVDC after a Converter Outage: DC Control Strategy

“…A quite a number of publications are devoted to several subject of MTDC involving since the classical steady state performance [4][5][6][7][8], classical and security constrained optimal power flow [7,[9][10][11], modelling [12][13][14], control and protection [15][16][17][18][19][20], and simulation of dynamic behaviour [4,[21][22][23][24]. An aspect that requires evaluation, the traditional reliability and availability related to outages as to transient reliability related to performance during and recovery after temporary faults and disturbances.…”