“…Many different methods are used to test for new antibiofilm agents. These are classified as direct and indirect methods such as microscopy (light microscopy, FISH, confocal microscopy, TEM, SEM, AFM), the roll plate method, mass spectrometry, QCM-based method, impedance-based method, Raman spectroscopy, Congo Red agar method, crystal violet method in plates/tubes, PCR, and nuclease-based method (Kırmusaoğlu 2019 ; Mozioğlu and Kocagöz 2020 ; Goudarzi et al 2021 ; Slade et al 2022 ; Kamimura et al 2022 ; Salazar et al 2023 ; Kumar et al 2023 ). Some of them (such as PCR, SEM, TEM, mass spectrometry, AFM, Raman, QCM and impedance-based methods) require sophisticated expensive instrumentation and are not suitable for high throughput studies, especially for the study of multiple antibiofilm agents at different concentrations, while others (crystal violet and Congo Red agar methods) except nuclease-based method (Mozioğlu and Kocagöz 2020 ) are easy to perform but semi-quantitative methods (Slobbe et al 2009 ).…”