Thulium laser resection of the prostate-tangerine technique (TmLRP-TT) dissects whole prostatic lobes off the surgical capsule, similar to peeling a tangerine. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TmLRP-TT for older symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with large prostates during 18 months of follow-up. A prospective analysis of 95 consecutive patients with large prostates (>80 ml) who underwent surgical treatment using TmLRP-TT was carried out. All patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), maximum urinary flow rate (Q max), postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5), urine analysis, and urine culture. Perioperative complications were recorded and graded by the modified Clavien classification system (CCS). Mean preoperative prostate volume was 106.81 ± 24.79 ml. TmLRP-TT was successfully completed in all patients. The mean operative duration, catheterization time, and hospital stay were 95.36 ± 27.06 min, 2.25 ± 0.9 days, and 5.39 ± 1.18 days, respectively. The decrease in mean hemoglobin level was 1.23 ± 0.72 g/dl, and that in mean serum sodium level was 0.71 ± 2.56 mmol/l. Within the observation period of 18 months, the patients showed an improvement in IPSS (20.01 ± 7.08 vs. 4.96 ± 3.68), QoL (4.10 ± 1.16 vs. 1.23 ± 1.30), Q max (8.14 ± 3.81 ml/s vs. 18.33 ± 2.56 ml/s) and PVR (102.70 ± 70.64 ml vs. 20.28 ± 30.02 ml), compared with baseline values (P < 0.001). IIEF-5 remained stable. Minor complications occurred in 10 (10.52 %) of 95 patients (Clavien grade 1, 9.47 % and grade 2, 1.05 %). There were no severe complications requiring reintervention (Clavien grade 3, 0 % and grade 4, 0 %). TmLRP-TT is a safe and effective surgical endoscopic technique associated with a low complication rate in large prostates as assessed during an 18-month follow-up period. It is a promising technology, which may be considered as one of the alternatives to open simple prostatectomy (OP) for large prostates in the future.

Intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with intravesical chemotherapy could reduce the risk of recurrence and progression compared to intravesical chemotherapy alone in HRBC.

Aberrant sialylation is frequently observed in tumor development, but which sialyltransferases are involved in this event are not well known. Herein, we performed comprehensive analyses on six ST3GAL family members, the α-2,3 sialyltransferases, in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from public datasets. Only ST3GAL5 was consistently and significantly overexpressed in ccRCC (n = 791 in total), compared with normal kidney tissues. Its overexpression was positively correlated with tumor stage, grade, and the poor prognosis in ccRCC patients. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses indicated the involvement of ST3GAL5 in tumor immunoregulation. Then we revealed that ST3GAL5 expression showed a positive correlation with CD8+ T cell infiltration, using multiple tools on TIMER2.0 web server. Notably, ST3GAL5 overexpression was further identified to be associated with expression signature of CD8+ T cell exhaustion in ccRCC samples from three datasets (n = 867 in total; r &gt; 0.3, p &lt; 0.001). In our own ccRCC cohort (n = 45), immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining confirmed that ST3GAL5 overexpression was accompanied by high CD8+ T cell infiltration with the increased exhaustion markers. Altogether, ST3GAL5 as a promising prognostic biomarker with CD8+ T cell exhaustion in ccRCC is indicated.

The potential involvement of T classification-related genes in renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) must be further explored. Public data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. An overall survival (OS) predictive model was developed and validated (TCGA train, 5 years, AUC = 0.73, 3 years, AUC = 0.73, 1 year, AUC = 0.76; TCGA test, 5 years, AUC = 0.74, 3 years, AUC = 0.65, 1 year, AUC = 0.73; TCGA all, 5 years, AUC = 0.72, 3 years, AUC = 0.71, 1 year, AUC = 0.75). Finally, ENAM was selected for further analysis. In vitro experiment indicated that ENMA is downregulated in ccRCC, and its knockdown could promote proliferation in two cancer cell lines (OSRC-2 and SW839). Immune infiltration analysis revealed that ENAM could remarkably increase the content of cytotoxic cells, NK CD56 cells, NK cells and CD8+ T cells in the tumor immune microenvironment, which may be one reason for its tumor-inhibiting effect. In summary, ENAM may suppress cell proliferation in ccRCC and can be used as a potential reference value for the relief and immunotherapy of ccRCC.