Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of rotavirus WC3 vaccine in 5-12-month old infants

Garbag-Chenon, A.; Jl, Fontaine; Lasfargues, G; Clark, H Fred; Guyot, Jean-Philippe; Moing, G. Le; Hessel, Luc; Bricout, F

doi:10.1016/s0923-2516(89)80098-6

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This vaccine induced high levels of serum neutralizing antibodies to the homologous virus WC3, often approaching 100%; however, few seroconversions to the most prevalent human serotypes were observed. Infants who had rotavirus serum antibodies prior to vaccination developed a broad hetero-typic booster response, including an increase in neutralizing antibody levels to all four major human G types (108,149,151).…”

Section: Rotavirus Vaccines Of Nonhuman Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus vaccines and vaccination in Latin America

Linhares

Bresee

2000

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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Worldwide, rotaviruses account for more than 125 million cases of infantile gastroenteritis and nearly 1 million deaths per year, mainly in developing countries. Rather than other control measures, vaccination is most likely to have a major impact on rotavirus disease incidence. The peak incidence of rotavirus diarrhea occurs between 6 and 24 months of age. In developing countries, however, cases are not uncommon among children younger than 6 months. G serotypes 1 to 4 are responsible for most disease, but there are indications that in Brazil that G type 5 is of emerging epidemiological importance. Both homotypic and heterotypic responses are elicited during natural rotavirus infection, and the immunological response at the intestinal mucosal surface is probably the more consistent predictor of clinical immunity. With the primary objective of protecting children against life-threatening dehydrating diarrhea, many approaches to rotavirus vaccine development have been attempted. One vaccine, the tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV), was given licensing approval in the United States of America, introduced to the market, and later withdrawn. A number of studies have found better efficacy of RRV-TV in developed countries than in developing ones. Field trials with a 4 x 10(4) plaque-forming units (PFU) preparation of RRV-TV have been carried out in two countries in Latin America, Brazil and Peru. Those trials yielded protective efficacy rates against all rotavirus diarrhea ranging from 18% to 35%. Data from a large catchment trial in Venezuela with a higher RRV-TV dose, of 4 x 10(5) PFU/dose, indicated an efficacy rate of 48% against all rotavirus diarrhea and 88% against severe rotavirus diarrhea. It appears that breast-feeding does not compromise the efficacy of RRV-TV if three doses of the vaccine are administered. Similarly, possible interference of oral poliovirus vaccine with the "take" of the rotavirus vaccine can be overcome by giving three doses of the rotavirus vaccine or by using a higher-titer formulation of it. Wild enteroviruses, however, may cause primary rotavirus vaccine failure in developing countries. Studies in Peru with RRV-TV have shown a trend towards higher vaccine efficacy rates against "pure" (rotavirus-only) diarrheal episodes. Economic analyses made in the United States indicate that a vaccine that costs less than US$ 9 per dose would lead to a net savings in medical costs. To date, however, cost-benefit studies have not been done in developing countries. In the future, it is possible that some Latin American countries might adapt their polio production facilities to the preparation of rotavirus vaccines for human use. A year after RRV-TV was licensed for vaccination of infants in the United States, the occurrence of intussusception as an adverse event led to the vaccine's withdrawal from the market. The implications of that action, particularly for Latin America, will be addressed in this article, including the need to explore alternative rotavirus candidate vacci...

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Section: Rotavirus Vaccines Of Nonhuman Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus vaccines and vaccination in Latin America

Linhares

Bresee

2000

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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“…Non-human RV vaccines are those based on animal RV strains, which are heterotypic to human RV and need high titers to produce a moderate efficacy profile. [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] Further, the efficacies of the pioneering RIT 4237, [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] bovine strain WC3, [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] and simian strain RRV [73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82] vaccines varied significantly in different regions. In particular, lower protection of the non-human RV vaccines was found in developing countries with high natural infection burdens, and in areas with prevalent serotypes differing from the vaccine.…”

Section: Rv Structure and Overview Of Rv Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The performance of licensed rotavirus vaccines and the development of a new generation of rotavirus vaccines: a review

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Rotavirus, which causes acute gastroenteritis and severe diarrhea, has posed a great threat to children worldwide over the last 30 y. Since no specific drugs and therapies against rotavirus are available, vaccination is considered the most effective method of decreasing the morbidity and mortality related to rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis. To date, six rotavirus vaccines have been developed and licensed by local governments. Notably, Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ have been recommended as universal agents against rotavirus infection by the World Health Organization; however, lower efficacies were found in lessdeveloped and developing regions with medium and high child mortality than well-developed ones with low child mortality. For now, two promising novel vaccines, Rotavac™ and RotaSiil™ were pre-qualified by the World Health Organization in 2018. Other rotavirus vaccines in the pipeline including neonatal strain (RV3-BB) and several non-replicating rotavirus vaccines with a parenteral delivery strategy are currently undergoing investigation, with the potential to improve the performance of, and eliminate the safety concerns associated with, previous live oral rotavirus vaccines. This paper reviews the important developments in rotavirus vaccines in the last 20 y and discusses problems and challenges that require investigation in the future.

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“…Also another bovine rotavirus vaccine, strain WC3, developed at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia (29), was briefly tested in Europe. In a trial in France, this vaccine was found non-reactogenic and immunogenic in 88% of the recipient children (30). However, the studies were discontinued, because the vaccine showed variable efficacy in trials in the USA (31,32) and no efficacy in a trial in Africa (33).…”

Section: Studies Of Bovine Rotavirus Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus vaccine studies in Europe

Vesikari¹

1999

Acta Paediatrica

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Following the discovery and recognition of rotavirus as an important human enteropathogen, work towards the development of rotvirus vaccines was begun in the USA and Europe. The first candidate rotavirus vaccine was launched by Smith Kline‐RIT, Belgium, and studied in clinical trials in Finland, Yugoslavia, Italy, Switzerland, Austria and the UK. Efficacy trials in Finland of RIT 4237 strain live oral bovine rotavirus vaccine resulted in some fundamental findings about rotavirus immunity in humans: protection against disease rather than infection; better protection against severe than mild disease and heterotypic rather than homotypic protection. Another bovine rotavirus vaccine, strain WC‐3, was studied briefly in France. Also studies of rhesus rotavirus vaccine were started early in Europe, and efficacy studies were carried out in Finland and Sweden. Recently, rhesus‐human re‐assortant tetravalent (RRV‐TV) rotavirus vaccine was tested in a field trial in Finland this study was pivotal for the registration of the vaccine in the USA and European Union countries. Despite extensive experience with rotavirus vaccines in Europe, the need for such vaccines in many European countries still requires further assessment. □Bovine rotavirus, rhesus rotavirus, rotavirus vaccine

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Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of rotavirus WC3 vaccine in 5-12-month old infants

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Rotavirus vaccines and vaccination in Latin America

Rotavirus vaccines and vaccination in Latin America

The performance of licensed rotavirus vaccines and the development of a new generation of rotavirus vaccines: a review

Rotavirus vaccine studies in Europe

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