Reactive Power Management in Renewable Rich Power Grids: A Review of Grid-Codes, Renewable Generators, Support Devices, Control Strategies and Optimization Algorithms

Sarkar, Md. Nazmul Islam; Meegahapola, Lasantha; Datta, Manoj

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2838563

Cited by 189 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 240 publications

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“…These FACTS devices provide reactive power support and voltage stability. 22,122 The reactive power compensation in RESsbased grid is reviewed in Sarkar et al 123 Some other researchers also investigated the impact of FACTS controller for stability in conventional and RESs integrated grid. 29 3.1.6 | STATCOM in smart grid control STATCOM is a widely used FACTS controller, well known for its efficient reactive power compensation capabilities.…”

Section: Virtual Impedance Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations, challenges, and solution approaches in grid‐connected renewable energy systems

et al. 2020

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Summary In the modern world, only conventional energy resources cannot fulfil the growing energy demand. Electricity is a fundamental building block of a technological revolution. Today, most of the electricity demand is met by the burning of fossil fuels but at the cost of adverse environmental impact. In order to bridge the gap between electricity demand and supply, nonconventional and eco‐friendly means of energy generation are considered. Renewable energy systems (RESs) offer an adequate solution to mitigate the challenges originated due to greenhouse gasses (GHG). However, they have an unpredictable power generation with specific site requirements. Grid integration of RESs may lead to new challenges related to power quality, reliability, power system stability, harmonics, subsynchronous oscillations (SSOs), power quality, and reactive power compensation. The integration with energy storage systems (ESSs) can reduce these complexities that arise due to the intermittent nature of RESs. In this paper, a comprehensive review of renewable energy sources has been presented. Application of ESSs in RESs and their development phase has been discussed. Role of ESSs in increasing lifetime, efficiency, and energy density of power system having RESs has been reviewed. Moreover, different techniques to solve the critical issues like low efficiency, harmonics, and inertia reduction in photovoltaic (PV) systems have been presented. Unlike most of the available review papers, this article also investigates the impact of FACTS technology in RESs‐based power system using multitype flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controllers. Three simulation models have been developed in MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that FACTS devices help to maintain the stability of RESs integrated power system. This review paper is believed to be of potential benefit for researchers from both the industry and academia to develop better understanding of challenges and solution techniques for REs‐based power systems and future research dimensions in this area.

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Section: Virtual Impedance Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations, challenges, and solution approaches in grid‐connected renewable energy systems

et al. 2020

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“…All distributed generators connected to the distribution system through power inverters are, in general, able to provide reactive power [4]. This possibility has been accounted for in several latest revisions of national Grid Codes [2,11,12], and thus most of the commercially available PV inverters are able to provide reactive power.…”

Section: Analysis Of Reactive Power Compensation By Pv Invertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One PV source per each feeder is considered to be the case of medium PV dispersion rate (8.5 MVA total peak power). Although different control schemes are proposed for finding the optimum level of reactive power generation (e.g., [2,11,22,[26][27][28]), in this research, uniform reactive power generation of individual PV sources is assumed. In fact, the focus of the research was to investigate reactive power generation influence on the overall system behavior.…”

Section: One Pv Source Per Each Feedermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several national standards and grid codes [11,12] predict operation of PV systems with power factor below unity. Most of the contributions consider usage of PV systems' inverters as ancillary service providers [2][3][4][11][12][13][14][15] but some of them analyzed the influence of reactive power compensation on power system losses. In general, compensation of inductive reactive power with high share proliferation of PV systems is considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactive Power Compensation with PV Inverters for System Loss Reduction

Vlahinić

Franković

Komen³

et al. 2019

Energies

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Photovoltaic (PV) system inverters usually operate at unitary power factor, injecting only active power into the system. Recently, many studies have been done analyzing potential benefits of reactive power provisioning, such as voltage regulation, congestion mitigation and loss reduction. This article analyzes possibilities for loss reduction in a typical medium voltage distribution system. Losses in the system are compared to the losses in the PV inverters. Different load conditions and PV penetration levels are considered and for each scenario various active power generation by PV inverters are taken into account, together with allowable levels of reactive power provisioning. As far as loss reduction is considered, there is very small number of PV inverters operating conditions for which positive energy balance exists. For low and medium load levels, there is no practical possibility for loss reduction. For high loading levels and higher PV penetration specific reactive savings, due to reactive power provisioning, increase and become bigger than additional losses in PV inverters, but for a very limited range of power factors.

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“…To manage the energy flow efficiently and respond effectively to the energy demand of the consumer, it is very important to design supervisor able to incorporateinitsstructure human expertise, like fuzzy logic. So, several works exploiting fuzzy logic have been presented in the literature [7]. However, in the case we have poor knowledge, the classical fuzzy systems, called type-1 fuzzy logic systems, have difficulties in modelling and minimizing the effect of uncertainties such as linguistic uncertainties and noisy training data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Type-2 Fuzzy Supervisor for a Stand-Alone System Using PMSG Variable Speed Wind Turbine.

Alnufaielafi¹

2019

IJAR

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In this paper treats the smart management for a stand-alone system using a wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on variable speed synchronous generator and battery system for storing the extra wind energy. The smart management is ensured by a type-fuzzy supervisor, which allows obtain an optimal behavior of the system and to ensure the load requirement. Simulation results are presented to show that the performances of proposed method et its capacity to guarantee a good energy efficiency and to involves battery life extending.

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Reactive Power Management in Renewable Rich Power Grids: A Review of Grid-Codes, Renewable Generators, Support Devices, Control Strategies and Optimization Algorithms

Cited by 189 publications

References 240 publications

Limitations, challenges, and solution approaches in grid‐connected renewable energy systems

Limitations, challenges, and solution approaches in grid‐connected renewable energy systems

Reactive Power Compensation with PV Inverters for System Loss Reduction

Type-2 Fuzzy Supervisor for a Stand-Alone System Using PMSG Variable Speed Wind Turbine.

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