Reactive catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce high-quality bio-crude

Abstract

Reactive catalytic fast pyrolysis with atmospheric pressure hydrogen improved yield and quality of the resulting bio-crude.

The Development of Mesoporous Ni‐Based Catalysts and Evaluation of Their Catalytic and Photocatalytic Applications

“…The catalytic conversion of biomass to biofuels through different technologies is currently being investigated globally. The thermochemical route is a significant pathway that converts biomass into liquid fuels . Bio‐oils are produced through the pyrolysis route of biomass at a temperature of 550 °C.…”

“…The composition of the bio‐oils varied depending upon the source biomass. Bio‐oil contains various compounds such as acids, esters, cyclic ketones, phenols, other oxygenated cyclic compounds, ethers, nitrogen compounds, and water . The bio‐oil obtained can be further processed to get chemicals and fuels.…”

“…The bio‐oil obtained can be further processed to get chemicals and fuels. Upgraded bio‐oil by removing oxygen via hydrodeoxygenation, can be used as fuel such as gasoline, renewable diesel, or jet fuel . The catalytic process for oxygen removal is found to be most efficient .…”

“…While they are originated from the living sources and biodegradable waste, and life is cyclical, even processed byproducts need not run out. So long as there is something living on earth, it is possible to process living things components and waste products into renewable energy …”

“…Recently, several reviews based on homogeneous Ni‐based complexes were published, focusing mainly on biomass up‐gradation . Two excellent reviews based on heterogeneous Ni‐based catalysts were published, focusing exclusively on steam reforming Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there is currently no review focused on mesoporous Ni/NiO catalysts that provides a detailed discussion on their energy and environmental applications.…”