Upgrading Fast Pyrolysis Liquids

Albrecht, Karl; Olarte, Mariefel V.; Wang, Huamin

doi:10.1002/9781119417637.ch7

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 328 publications

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“…Fast pyrolysis bio-oils are generally regarded as difficult to upgrade for production of hydrocarbon fuels because of their instability and chemical complexity. Several upgrading strategies have been developed with a focus on improving bio-oil stability through low temperature hydroprocessing, or catalytic fast pyrolysis, or separation approaches, prior to catalytic hydrotreating which removes oxygen from bio-oil, which substantially increases H/C ratio to product fuel range hydrocarbons . Extensive progress has been made recent years in bio-oil hydrotreating and a significant development is a two-step process, including a low temperature stabilization step to hydrogenate reactive components in the bio-oil and a hydrotreating step to conduct more complete deoxygenation desired for hydrocarbon fuel production .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Plant Reliability Metrics for Grinding and Fast Pyrolysis of Woody Residues

Klinger

Carpenter

Thompson

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Here, we report on the effects of loblolly pine residue variability on material throughput, pilot plant uptime, operator intervention, product yield, and product quality for grinding, fast pyrolysis, and hydrotreating operations. Preprocessing throughput using a hammer mill varied between 31 and 48% of nameplate capacity (5 tons/h). Grinder overloads in the size reduction step were more prevalent for lower ash and higher moisture materials. Fast pyrolysis throughput varied between 57 and 72% of nameplate capacity (20 kg/h), and bio-oil yields varied between 46 and 53% (feedstock carbon to oil, dry basis). During fast pyrolysis operations, downtime was caused by bridging in the feed and char removal systems and plugging in the condensation system. Cohesion of feedstock and char leading to system plugging was less frequent for higher ash feedstocks, and differences in condenser plugging behavior between high and low ash feedstocks were observed. The catalyst stability of the bio-oil stabilization step was strongly dependent on the sulfur content in the bio-oil, which was higher for the high-ash residue oils. Lower moisture content in the starting biomass was consistent with lower sulfur content in bio-oil. Yields and properties of hydrotreated fuel products showed minimal deference among the bio-oils.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Plant Reliability Metrics for Grinding and Fast Pyrolysis of Woody Residues

Klinger

Carpenter

Thompson

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Fractional condensation allows for the separation of different chemically enriched fractions according to their vapor pressure [152], offering the possibility to efficiently utilize the entire biomass liquefaction condensate. Typically, lignin-derived species and sugars are obtained in higher-temperature fractions, as opposed to acids and water, which are abundant in lower-temperature fractions [163].…”

Section: Applications Of Bio-oil As Chemical Source and Its Refinement Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Oil: The Next-Generation Source of Chemicals

et al. 2022

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Bio-oil, although rich in chemical species, is primarily used as fuel oil, due to its greater calorific power when compared to the biomass from which it is made. The incomplete understanding of how to explore its chemical potential as a source of value-added chemicals and, therefore, a supply of intermediary chemical species is due to the diverse composition of bio-oil. Being biomass-based, making it subject to composition changes, bio-oil is obtained via different processes, the two most common being fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. Different methods result in different bio-oil compositions even from the same original biomass. Understanding which biomass source and process results in a particular chemical makeup is of interest to those concerned with the refinement or direct application in chemical reactions of bio-oil. This paper presents a summary of published bio-oil production methods, origin biomass, and the resulting composition.

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“…Other relevant drawbacks include a high concentration of pyrolytic lignin oligomers (nearly 30 wt.%), which tends to repolymerize during storage [109], as well as a high viscosity and complexity of the oil, leading to poor distillability (Table 7) [190,191]. Despite all those drawbacks, Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil (FPBO) has been directly employed as fuel for several appliances, including furnaces, boilers, diesel engines, gas turbines, and Stirling engines [190]. Nowadays, the primary application of FPBO is as boiler fuel for heat and power [97,103,130].…”

Section: The Pyrolysis Liquid Ie the Bio-oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical and Catalytic Conversion Technologies for the Development of Brazilian Biomass Utilization

et al. 2021

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The social, economic, and environmental impacts of climate change have been shown to affect poorer populations throughout the world disproportionally, and the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–2021 has only exacerbated the use of less sustainable energy, fuel, and chemical sources. The period of economic and social recovery following the pandemic presents an unprecedented opportunity to invest in biorefineries based on the pyrolysis of agricultural residues. These produce a plethora of sustainable resources while also contributing to the economic valorization of first-sector local economies. However, biomass-derived pyrolysis liquid is highly oxygenated, which hinders its long-term stability and usability. Catalytic hydrogenation is a proposed upgrading method to reduce this hindrance, while recent studies on the use of nickel and niobium as low-cost catalysts, both abundant in Brazil, reinforce the potential synergy between different economic sectors within the country. This review gathers state-of-the-art applications of these technologies with the intent to guide the scientific community and lawmakers alike on yet another alternative for energy and commodities production within an environmentally sustainable paradigm.

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Upgrading Fast Pyrolysis Liquids

Cited by 7 publications

References 328 publications

Pilot Plant Reliability Metrics for Grinding and Fast Pyrolysis of Woody Residues

Pilot Plant Reliability Metrics for Grinding and Fast Pyrolysis of Woody Residues

Bio-Oil: The Next-Generation Source of Chemicals

Thermochemical and Catalytic Conversion Technologies for the Development of Brazilian Biomass Utilization

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