Reactions of chlorine dioxide with hydrocarbons:  effects of activated carbon

Chen, Abraham S. C.; Larson, Richard A.; Snoeyink, Vernon L.

doi:10.1021/es00099a007

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…But chlorination of water containing phenols results in the formation of chlorinated phenolic compounds 7. Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) is considered as an alternative to chlorine for disinfection of drinking water and waste waters because it does not form chlorinated phenolic compounds 8. Chlorine dioxide is not only a disinfectant but a strong oxidant as well; it reacts with phenol without formation of chlorophenols 9, 10.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supermolecular Chiral Mesogenic Tripedes

Belaissaoui¹,

Sáez²,

Cowling³

et al. 2012

Chemistry A European J

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A novel series of chiral liquid crystalline tripedes Glucoside and Mannoside derivatives G(n) and M(n) (n=1-3) have been synthesised. The inner cores consist of methyl α-D-Glucoside G or methyl α-D-Mannoside M, regioselectively functionalised at the less hindered position C6, with tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), hydroxyl or carboxylic acid moieties. The cores, which can acquire several flexible conformations, are attached to rod-like smectogenic-preferring cyanobiphenyl units, by means of a flexible hexanoyl spacer. These Glyco-Supermolecules exhibit chiral nematic (N*) and smectic A (SmA) phases. The combined effects of core chirality and functional groups on thermal and mesomorphic characteristics are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supermolecular Chiral Mesogenic Tripedes

Belaissaoui¹,

Sáez²,

Cowling³

et al. 2012

Chemistry A European J

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“…Alternatively, ClO 2 can be reduced to Cl − via a five‐electron reaction of minor importance. The tendency of ClO 2 to disproportionate into

{ClO}_{2}^{-}

and

{ClO}_{3}^{-}

preferably at higher pH values via reaction (9) may justify the larger amounts of both ions present in the alkaline solution

{ClO}_{2 (aq)} + {normale}^{-} \to {ClO}_{2}^{-}

2 {ClO}_{2 (aq)} + {HOROCH}_{3} + {normalH}_{2} O \to {HOOROOCH}_{3} + {ClO}_{2}^{-} + HClO + {normalH}^{+}

2 {ClO}_{2 (aq)} + 2 {OH}^{-} ⇋ {ClO}_{2}^{-} + {ClO}_{3}^{-} + {normalH}_{2} O

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of cellulose bleaching effluents and their filtration permeates by anodic oxidation with H₂O₂ production

Salazar

Sirés

Salazar

et al. 2014

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), particularly those based on either cathodic electrogeneration of H 2 O 2 or anodic oxidation (AO) via • OH, have become attractive technological options for the complete detoxification of wastewaters. Their integration with separation pre-treatment such as ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) may be a plausible way to reduce processing time and costs. RESULTS: Raw effluents from the acid and alkaline elemental chlorine free bleaching stages of a hardwood-based kraft pulp mill, as well as their UF, NF and RO permeates, have been characterized and then treated by AO-H 2 O 2 in a tank reactor with an air-diffusion cathode, which allowed efficient reduction of O 2, and a DSA-RuO 2 or BDD anode at constant cell voltage (2-12 V). Due to the complexity of the matrix, a larger H 2 O 2 accumulation in the acid effluents was observed. DSA favoured the accumulation of ClO − 2 ions, whereas BDD allowed their further transformation into ClO − 3 owing to the larger oxidizing power of its physisorbed • OH. The contribution of this species, along with H 2 O 2 and active chlorine, accounted for the significant TOC abatement reached in the different individual and coupled treatments. CONCLUSIONS: AO-H 2 O 2 and UF/AO-H 2 O 2 yielded similar mineralization levels (65-68%) for acid effluents, but lower energy consumption (EC) resulted in the latter process due to the lower conductivity of the permeates. NF/AO-H 2 O 2 coupling yielded the largest mineralization of alkaline effluents (96% instead of 75% obtained by AO-H 2 O 2 ) with low EC.

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“…In dilute aqueous solutions, chlorine dioxide oxidizes hydrocarbons to ketones and alcohols [64]. In the absence of water, chlorine dioxide loses its bleaching power.…”

Section: Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%