Reactions, characterization and uptake of ammoxidized kraft lignin labeled with 15N

Ramirez, Felipe; Varela, G.; Delgado, Ezequiel; López-Dellamary, Fernando; Zúñiga, Virgilio; Alcaraz-González, V.; Faix, O.; Meier, Dietrich

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.08.004

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This is due to the well-known oxidative depolymerization of lignin in alkaline medium and subsequent condensation of intermediary, low molecular, highly reactive phenolic and quinoid compounds largely governed by ammonia [39]. As a result, lignin is considerably enriched with nitrogen which exists in various types of nitrogenous moieties including ammonium, aminoquinones, urea, amides, imides, and hetero-aromatic structures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammoxidized Fenton-Activated Pine Kraft Lignin Accelerates Synthesis and Curing of Resole Resins

et al. 2017

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Ammoxidation of pine kraft lignin in aqueous 5 wt % ammonia affords a novel type of phenol substitute that significantly accelerates resole synthesis and curing as demonstrated for 40 wt % phenol replacement. Compared to non-ammoxidized lignin, which already shortens significantly the cooking time required to reach a resole viscosity of 1000 Pa·s (250 vs. 150 s) and reduces the typical curing B-time by about 25% at 100 • C, the use of ammoxidized lignin has an even more pronounced impact in this respect. Activation of lignin by Fenton-type oxidation prior to ammoxidation further boosts both synthesis and curing of the resole. This is presumably due to the intermediary formation of polyvalent cross-linkers like N,N,N-tris (methylol) trimethylene triamine triggered by saponification of a larger fraction of nitrogenous moieties present in such a treated lignin (ammonium salts, amide-type nitrogen, urea) and reaction of the released ammonia with formaldehyde. Except for the fact that phenol replacement by ammoxidized lignin results in a somewhat less brittle cured adhesive polymer and higher elastic modulus, the aforementioned acceleration in curing could no longer be observed in the presence of wood, where a significantly delayed wood-adhesive bond formation was observed for the lignin-containing adhesives as evident from the automated bonding evaluation system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammoxidized Fenton-Activated Pine Kraft Lignin Accelerates Synthesis and Curing of Resole Resins

et al. 2017

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“…The process parameters of ammoxidation reactions, such as time, temperature and pressure got reduced significantly by achieving more nitrogen into the finished product, by using H 2 O 2 as an oxidizing agent at atmospheric pressure [17,18]. Similar studies were done by other workers [19,20], for N-fuctionionalized Kraft lignin. It was found later on that at lower technical expenditure, ammoxidized product, resembling to natural like humus is possible to produce, by using mild operating conditions, at nearly ambient pressure, with phosphoric acid as one of the reagent [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Soil Conditioner by Artificial Ammoxidation of Lignin and Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

Kamble¹,

Nagar²,

Nagar³

2014

IJIRSET

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Lignin biomass was obtained from black liquor, using acid H 3 PO 4. The residue so obtained was used for preparation of soil conditioner by artificial ammoxidation process in a batch reactor. The process parameters identified were composition of oxidizing agent (H 2 O 2 +ammonia), reaction time, and temperature. The present study also encompasses optimization of process parameters involved by the application of response surface methodology (RSM), so as to understand the interaction of these parameters. The statistical significance of the model equation was evaluated by the F-test for analysis of variance, which showed that the model is statistically significant at 95% confidence level. The model F-value of 228.48 for ammoxidation process implied that the model was statistically significant. To test the fit of the model, the regression equation and determination coefficient, R 2 were evaluated. In this case, the value of the determination coefficient R 2 = 0.9942 indicated that the model could explain 99.42% of the variability.

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“…Slow-release fertilisers based on nitrogen-substituted lignins have been obtained by reacting ammonia with lignocellulosic biomass [120][121][122], soda lignin [123], kraft lignin [124], or technical grade lignins [125,126], and lignosulfonates have been employed in matrices for micronutrient fertilisers [127][128][129][130][131][132]. Partial hydrolysis of lignin with superheated steam has been applied to produce material suitable as a controlled-release coating for fertiliser [133][134][135], and lignin-based controlled-release formulations have also been prepared for herbicides and pesticides [136][137][138][139].…”

Section: Lignin As a Macromolecular Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosics as a Renewable Feedstock for Chemical Industry: Chemicals from Lignin

Fellows

Brown

Doherty

2011

Green Chemistry for Environmental Remediation

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Reactions, characterization and uptake of ammoxidized kraft lignin labeled with 15N

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Ammoxidized Fenton-Activated Pine Kraft Lignin Accelerates Synthesis and Curing of Resole Resins

Ammoxidized Fenton-Activated Pine Kraft Lignin Accelerates Synthesis and Curing of Resole Resins

Soil Conditioner by Artificial Ammoxidation of Lignin and Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

Lignocellulosics as a Renewable Feedstock for Chemical Industry: Chemicals from Lignin

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