Re-alignment of the eyes, with prisms and with eye surgery, affects postural stability differently in children with strabismus

Legrand, Agathe; Bui-Quoc, Emmanuel; Bucci, Maria Pia

doi:10.1007/s00417-011-1845-z

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Similarly, and regardless of whether or not corrective prisms were worn by the subjects, no postoperative stabilizing effect of proximity was observed for any of the conditions studied in combination with fixation at near and far distances. 11 However, it should be noted that for both studies, the number of children tested was relatively small and, indeed, the strabismic groups themselves appeared clinically and etiologically heterogeneous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Our results are not in keeping with those reported by Legrand et al, who did not observe distance effects of any kind. 11 However, it should be noted that their study subject population was comparatively small with groups of convergent and divergent strabismic children represented unequally. Moreover, the SD for body sway was not included in their analysis.…”

Section: Distance Effect-fixation Far Versus Nearmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…14 Legrand et al reported a change in postural control that depended on the amount of time that had elapsed since surgery. 11 In our study, all of the children tested were given sufficient time to adjust to the new postoperative angle of strabismus, which had relatively stabilized following surgery, as well as to all of the adaptive mechanisms required. Even though changes in strabismus angle can occur beyond one month after surgery, at the time of our test all but 4 subjects presented a strabismus angle of the same type as before surgery (see Methods).…”

Section: Distance Effect-fixation Far Versus Nearmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Postural Control in Nonamblyopic Children with Early-Onset Strabismus

Gaertner

Creux²,

Espinasse-Berrod³

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. In healthy subjects, the postural stability in orthostatic position is better when fixating at near than at far. Increase in the convergence angle contributes to this effect. Children with strabismus present a deficit in vergence. We evaluated postural control in children with respect to the vergence angle as they fixated at different depths, thereby engaging in active vergence movements. METHODS.A TechnoConcept platform was used to record the postural stability of 11 subjects (mean age 11.18 6 4.02 years) with convergent strabismus and 13 (mean age 11.31 6 3.54 years) with divergent strabismus in 3 conditions: fixation at 40 cm, at 2 m, and active vergence movements between 20 and 50 cm. RESULTS.The mediolateral body sway decreased significantly with proximity for convergent strabismus (from 3.78-2.70 mm) but increased significantly for divergent strabismus (from 3.27-3.97). Relative to fixation, vergence eye movements resulted in a statistically significant increase in mediolateral body sway for convergent strabismus (3.55 vs. 2.70) and a decrease for divergent strabismus (3.11 vs. 3.97, P ¼ 0.047). Vergence eye movements were associated with the least variance of speed (99 mm 2 /s 2 for convergent and 117 mm 2 / s 2 for divergent strabismus), so less energy was required to control body sway. CONCLUSIONS.The fixation depth at which postural stability is best is proximal for convergent strabismus and distal for divergent strabismus. Optimal postural stability might be mediated by preponderant eye movement signals related to the angle of strabismus. T o maintain the body in a stable position, the central nervous system uses multiple sensorimotor inputs that are at once visual, proprioceptive, vestibular, and somesthetic.Paulus et al. demonstrated that postural control improves while fixating at near rather than at far distances.1 They attributed what we henceforth will refer to as the stabilizing effect of proximity to the angular size of the retinal drift, such that at near distances the angular size of the retinal slip input resulting from body sway is higher than at far distances. The ensuing afferent signal feeds back into mechanisms of postural control potentially leading to an improvement in body stabilization.However, Kapoula and Lê showed that the stabilizing effect that results from the relative proximity of a fixation target also is due to oculomotor signals generated by the vergence angle itself. 2 Indeed, the efferent and afferent signals related to the vergence angle are stronger at near distances as a consequence of the relative increase in ocular convergence required to fixate a proximal target as opposed to a distal one. In their study, convergent prisms were used to make the eyes converge while the subjects were fixating at far distances. Despite the conflict with the physical distance, convergence of the eyes resulted in an improvement in postural stability. This stabilizing effect of proximity is present in children 3 and in the elderly. Bucci et al. showed that children with a vergen...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Distance Effect-fixation Far Versus Nearmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Distance Effect-fixation Far Versus Nearmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Postural Control in Nonamblyopic Children with Early-Onset Strabismus

Gaertner

Creux²,

Espinasse-Berrod³

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…4 Binocular vision and stereopsis provides a considerable advantage over monocular vision when particles partly obstruct the view (external visual noise). 5 Improved stereoacuity outcomes are associated with better Correspondence: Dima Andalib, MD, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Nikookari Eye Hospital, Abbasi Street, Tabriz, Iran. Phone: 00986551332.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Improvement of Stereopsis Following Successful Surgical Correction of Childhood Strabismus in Adults

2015

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Purpose: To evaluate the factors affecting improvement of stereopsis following successful surgical correction of childhood strabismus in adults. Methods: In a prospective study, consecutive patients with childhood-onset, comitant, horizontal, constant strabismus; stereoacuity of more than 480 seconds of arc in TNO stereo test (absent stereopsis in TNO); and who had successful postoperative alignment (within 10 prism diopters [PD] of orthotropia) were enrolled. Postoperative stereopsis testing was performed using the TNO stereo test at 3 months after surgery.Results: A total of 34 patients (20 exotropes and 14 esotropes) were included. The mean age at the time of surgery was 26.08 ± 10.53 years (range, 14-53 years). Stereopsis was improved in 8 of 34 patients (23.5%). Postoperative alignment had influence on improvement of stereopsis; 38.1% of patients who had orthotropia gained stereopsis, whereas none of patients who had horizontal heterotropia (esotropia or exotropia) of 10 PD or less gained stereopsis (p = 0.01). Misalignment of 10 years' duration or longer did not preclude the development of postoperative stereoacuity (p = 0.31). There was a statistically insignificant increase in improvement of stereopsis in nonamblyopic group (30.4%) compared with amblyopic group (9.1%) (p = 0.22). Also, there was a statistically insignificant increase in improvement of stereopsis in exotropes (35%) compared with esotropes (7.1%) (p = 0.1). The angle of preoperative deviation had no influence on improvement of stereopsis (p = 0.44). Conclusion: A postoperative correction of orthotropia was the only predictive factor for improvement of stereopsis in adults with childhood strabismus.

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“…The assessment of postural control using the force platform has been applied in studies with different populations, such as adults, older people 7 and children. The studies in children have been carried out with children having typical 8,9 and atypical 10 development, for example, visual deficits 11 , hearing deficits 12 and Down syndrome 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How many attempts are necessary to evaluate postural control on a force platform in healthy children?

Neves¹,

Fernandes²,

Fujisawa³

2018

JPhysicalEdu

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A padronização da avaliação do controle postural na plataforma da força facilitará a realização de estudos em crianças. Não há padronização para a população infantil, o que dificulta a comparação dos resultados. O objetivo foi determinar o número de tentativas necessárias para a avaliação do controle postural em crianças. Um total de 344 crianças, 178 (51,7%) meninas, oito anos de idade, participaram deste estudo. O controle postural foi avaliado na posição unipodal durante 30 segundos, foi analisado a área de deslocamento do centro de pressão (COP) e a velocidade ântero-posterior e medial lateral (Vel. AP e Vel. ML). Para a análise comparativa do controle postural com três tentativas, utilizamos o teste de Friedman. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e o teste de concordância Bland-Altman. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p> 0,05) nas três avaliações. Uma tentativa da criança provou ser suficiente para avaliar a COP, Vel.

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Re-alignment of the eyes, with prisms and with eye surgery, affects postural stability differently in children with strabismus

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Postural Control in Nonamblyopic Children with Early-Onset Strabismus

Postural Control in Nonamblyopic Children with Early-Onset Strabismus

Factors Affecting Improvement of Stereopsis Following Successful Surgical Correction of Childhood Strabismus in Adults

How many attempts are necessary to evaluate postural control on a force platform in healthy children?

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