Raw Pig Blood Consumption and Potential Risk for<i>Streptococcus suis</i>Infection, Vietnam

Huong, Vu Thi Lan; Hoa, Ngo Thi; Horby, Peter; Bryant, Juliet E.; Kính, Nguyễn Văn; Toàn, Trần Khánh; Wertheim, Heiman

doi:10.3201/eid2011.140915

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These infections afflict persons in close contact with infected pigs or pork-derived products ( 4 , 5 ). Although sporadic cases of S. suis infections in humans had been reported worldwide previously, in the summer of 2005, China recorded the largest and most highly diffused outbreak of S. suis infection in humans, with 215 cases reported and 39 deaths ( 6 , 7 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Multiple Parallel Transmission Outbreak ofStreptococcussuisHuman Infection by Use of Genome Epidemiology, China, 2005

Du¹,

Zheng²,

Zhou³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Streptococcus suis sequence type 7 emerged and caused 2 of the largest human infection outbreaks in China in 1998 and 2005. To determine the major risk factors and source of the infections, we analyzed whole genomes of 95 outbreak-associated isolates, identified 160 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and classified them into 6 clades. Molecular clock analysis revealed that clade 1 (responsible for the 1998 outbreak) emerged in October 1997. Clades 2–6 (responsible for the 2005 outbreak) emerged separately during February 2002–August 2004. A total of 41 lineages of S. suis emerged by the end of 2004 and rapidly expanded to 68 genome types through single base mutations when the outbreak occurred in June 2005. We identified 32 identical isolates and classified them into 8 groups, which were distributed in a large geographic area with no transmission link. These findings suggest that persons were infected in parallel in respective geographic sites.

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Multiple Parallel Transmission Outbreak ofStreptococcussuisHuman Infection by Use of Genome Epidemiology, China, 2005

Du¹,

Zheng²,

Zhou³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…A great proportion of humans infected by S. suis serotype 2 were found to be associated with the habit of farming domestic animals at home, in which pigs are raised in closed small piggeries with unhygienic conditions and are slaughtered without being quarantined, which results in contamination of raw pork products [15,16,17]. Moreover, the unsafe habit of purchasing pork in flea markets and the consumption of undercooked animal products are well-established risk factors for acquiring many infectious diseases, especially S. suis serotype 2 from pigs [6,8]. A recent study from Hong Kong reported heavy contamination of raw pork meat at local supermarkets or wet markets with S. suis; therefore, hot and humid climates may facilitate the growth of S. suis in raw pork products [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a Gram-positive bacterium and, with clinical relevance in pigs, is emerging in humans [8,9]. Based on differences in antigenic properties of the polysaccharide capsule, 35 S. suis serotypes have been distinguished to date, of which serotype 2 is most commonly associated with disease in humans and pigs worldwide [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnostics and ITS-based phylogenic analysis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 in central Vietnam

Nguyen

Phan

Nguyen

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Streptococcus suis (S. suis) serotype 2 has recently become the most prevalent cause of meningitis in adults in many areas of Vietnam. This study provides data on S. suis molecular diagnosis in central Vietnam using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the S. suis serotype 2 cps2J gene. Additionally, 16S-23S rDNA intragenic spacer (ITS)-based phylogenic analysis of strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam, is presented and discussed. Methodology: Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 40 CSF samples, and 18 were identified as S. suis by culture-dependent methods. Capsular serotyping was assessed by real-time PCR. ITS sequences were obtained after traditional PCR and were used in phylogenic analyses. Results: Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 36 out of 40 CSF samples. A total of 18 S. suis strains were isolated and assigned to serotype 2 by real-time PCR. One CSF sample, negative when tested by culture-dependent methods, was positive to S. suis serotype 2 by real-time PCR. Pairwise alignments of the 18 ITS sequences did not reveal any variable nucleotide position, and resulted in a single sequence type. Sequences were similar to S. suis serotype 2 reference ITS sequences (> 98.1%), and there was no lack of an ITS spacer region in the isolates. Conclusions: S. suis serotype 2 is the most prevalent serotype in central Vietnam. Real-time PCR assay proved to be a reliable diagnostic method for early detection of S. suis 2 in CSF samples.

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“…Farms were selected based on census data and randomised from three different scales of production (small, medium, large). The rationale for the animal enterics survey was to review animal census data for the province; to Streptococcus suis, a pig bacterium that can cause bacterial meningitis in humans (Huong et al 2014;Wertheim et al 2009). …”

Section: Implementation Differences Between Dong Thap and Bavi Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several interface studies have included extensive qualitative interviews to assess attitudes, perceptions of risk and behavioural risk factors (Huong et al 2014;Liao et al 2014;Manabe et al 2012;Paul et al 2013), but the focus has consistently been on implications for human health rather than on animal impact. The community cohort project described here is part of the Vietnam Initiative on Zoonotic Infections (VIZIONS) program, which encompasses both hospital-based syndromic surveillance and community-based research on zoonotic pathogens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobilising community-based research on zoonotic infections: A case study of longitudinal cohorts in Vietnam

Saylors¹,

Tri²,

Khanh³

et al. 2015

Gateways

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We initiated the Vietnam Initiative on Zoonotic Infections (VIZIONS) research program to better understand the epidemiology of disease transmission at the human–animal interface in Vietnamese rural communities and to integrate One Health approaches to disease surveillance. We established a longitudinal community cohort study of individuals with occupational exposure to animals, which involves concurrent targeted sampling from domestic livestock species and follow-up monitoring of human clinical cases. The project was implemented by government agencies at the provincial and district levels of the public health and animal health sectors in Vietnam. Engaging with rural communities builds response capacity at the grassroots level, and has improved dialogue between local stakeholders responsible for monitoring human and animal health. Here we describe the process of initiating participatory research and cohort field implementation over the first year in two study sites in Vietnam.Keywords: Vietnam, participatory research, zoonoses, field epidemiology

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Raw Pig Blood Consumption and Potential Risk forStreptococcus suisInfection, Vietnam

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

Detection of Multiple Parallel Transmission Outbreak ofStreptococcussuisHuman Infection by Use of Genome Epidemiology, China, 2005

Detection of Multiple Parallel Transmission Outbreak ofStreptococcussuisHuman Infection by Use of Genome Epidemiology, China, 2005

Molecular diagnostics and ITS-based phylogenic analysis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 in central Vietnam

Mobilising community-based research on zoonotic infections: A case study of longitudinal cohorts in Vietnam

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