Detection of Multiple Parallel Transmission Outbreak of<i>Streptococcus</i><i>suis</i>Human Infection by Use of Genome Epidemiology, China, 2005

Du, Pengcheng; Zheng, Han; Zhou, Jie; Lan, Ruiting; Ye, Changyun; Jing, Huaiqi; Jin, Dong; Cui, Zhigang; Bai, Xuemei; Liang, Jianming; Liu, Jiantao; Xu, Lei; Zhang, Wen; Chen, Chen; Xu, Jianguo

doi:10.3201/eid2302.160297

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As a variant of S. suis ST1, ST7 has increased virulence [30]. ST7 emerged for the first time in 1996-1997, causing the 1998 outbreak with 25 human infections, then diverged into additional 5 clades, causing the 2005 outbreak [57]. Notably, ST7 is only isolated in China so far without any report from other countries.…”

Section: S Suis St7 Emerged and Spread In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landscape of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in China: impact of ecology, climate, and behavior

Liu

et al. 2018

Front. Med.

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For the past several decades, the infectious disease profile in China has been shifting with rapid developments in social and economic aspects, environment, quality of food, water, housing, and public health infrastructure. Notably, 5 notifiable infectious diseases have been almost eradicated, and the incidence of 18 additional notifiable infectious diseases has been significantly reduced. Unexpectedly, the incidence of over 10 notifiable infectious diseases, including HIV, brucellosis, syphilis, and dengue fever, has been increasing. Nevertheless, frequent infectious disease outbreaks/events have been reported almost every year, and imported infectious diseases have increased since 2015. New pathogens and over 100 new genotypes or serotypes of known pathogens have been identified. Some infectious diseases seem to be exacerbated by various factors, including rapid urbanization, large numbers of migrant workers, changes in climate, ecology, and policies, such as returning farmland to forests. This review summarizes the current experiences and lessons from China in managing emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially the effects of ecology, climate, and behavior, which should have merits in helping other countries to control and prevent infectious diseases.

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Section: S Suis St7 Emerged and Spread In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People were concomitantly infected in those geographic sites. This outbreak was a collective multiple pig-to-human transmissions in parallel, a newly recognized transmission model for infectious diseases, although common for other zoonotic diseases in China [57].…”

Section: Outbreak Of Ecoli O157:h7 1999mentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in China: impact of ecology, climate, and behavior

Liu

et al. 2018

Front. Med.

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“…Other proteins did not show similarities. (Du et al, 2017). It is also higher than the rates calculated for S. pneumoniae (1.57·10 −6 ) and S. aureus (3.3·10 −6 ) strains (Croucher et al, 2011).…”

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…We did not identify regions of high SNP density, indicating these SNPs should be attributed to mutations instead of recombination. Using the SNPs, we estimated a required substitution rate of 6.36·10 −6 substitutions per site per year (104 SNPs divided by the average genome size of 2071319 and 2150651, divided by 8 years), which is almost tenfold higher compared to the recently calculated substitution rate of 8.58 × 10 −7 for related ST7 isolates in China (Du et al, ). It is also higher than the rates calculated for S. pneumoniae (1.57·10 −6 ) and S. aureus (3.3·10 −6 ) strains (Croucher et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Reinfection with Streptococcus suis analysed by whole genome sequencing

Willemse

Ende

Schultsz

2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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A butcher with chronic dermatitis presented with a second episode of Streptococcus suis meningitis, 8 years after the first episode. To distinguish between reinfection and persistent carriage, we compared the two S. suis isolates using whole genome sequencing. We investigated whole genome sequences of the S. suis isolates by means of substitution rates and population structure of closely related strains in addition to available clinical information. Genome‐wide analyses revealed an inserted region consisting of 12 genes in the first isolate and the calculated substitution rate between the isolates suggested infections were caused by highly similar, but unrelated strains. Continuous occupational exposure likely resulted in reinfection with S. suis in a butcher.

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“…Du et al [82] recently used the Bayesian method for uncovering events preceding the 2 largest ever epidemics caused by S. suis among the rural populations of the Chinese provinces Jiangsu and Sichuan in 1998-2005, respectively. The authors analyzed whole genomes of 95 out break-associated isolates and classified them into 6 clades.…”

Section: Genomic Determinants Of Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus suis: a re-emerging pathogen associated with occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. Part II – Pathogenesis

Dutkiewicz

Zając

Sroka

et al. 2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Streptococcus suis is a re-emerging zoonotic pathogen that may cause severe disease, mostly meningitis, in pigs and in humans having occupational contact with pigs and pork, such as farmers, slaughterhose workers and butchers. The first stage of the pathogenic process, similar in pigs and humans, is adherence to and colonisation of mucosal and/or epithelial surface(s) of the host. The second stage is invasion into deeper tissue and extracellular translocation of bacterium in the bloodstream, either free in circulation or attached to the surface of monocytes. If S. suis present in blood fails to cause fatal septicaemia, it is able to progress into the third stage comprising penetration into host's organs, mostly by crossing the blood-brain barrier and/or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to gain access to the central nervous system (CNS) and cause meningitis. The fourth stage is inflammation that plays a key role in the pathogen esis of both systemic and CNS infections caused by S. suis. The pathogen may induce the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause septic shock and/or the recruitment and activation of different leukocyte populations, causing acute inflammation of the CNS. Streptococcus suis can also evoke - through activation of microglial cells, astrocytes and possibly other cell types - a fulminant inflammatory reaction of the brain which leads to intracranial complications, including brain oedema, increased intracranial pressure, cerebrovascular insults, and deafness, as a result of cochlear sepsis. In all stages of the pathogenic process, S. suis interacts with many types of immunocompetent host's cells, such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, mononuclear macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells and microglia, using a range of versatile virulence factors for evasion of the innate and adaptive immune defence of the host, and for overcoming environmental stress. It is estimated that S. suis produces more than 100 different virulence factors that could be classified into 4 groups: surface components or secreted elements, enzymes, transcription factors or regulatory systems and transporter factors or secretion systems. A major virulence factor is capsular polysaccharide (CPS) that protects bacteria from phagocytosis. However, it hampers adhesion to and invasion of host's cells, release of inflammatory cytokines and formation of the resistant biofilm which, in many cases, is vital for the persistence of bacteria. It has been demonstrated that the arising by mutation unencapsulated S. suis clones, which are more successful in penetration to and propagation within the host's cells, may coexist in the organism of a single host together with those that are encapsulated. Both 'complementary' clones assist each other in the successful colonization of host's tissues and persistence therein. S. suis has an open pan-genome characterized by a frequent gene transfer and a large diversity. Of the genetic determinants of S. suis pathogenicity, t...

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Detection of Multiple Parallel Transmission Outbreak ofStreptococcussuisHuman Infection by Use of Genome Epidemiology, China, 2005

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Landscape of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in China: impact of ecology, climate, and behavior

Landscape of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in China: impact of ecology, climate, and behavior

Reinfection with Streptococcus suis analysed by whole genome sequencing

Streptococcus suis: a re-emerging pathogen associated with occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. Part II – Pathogenesis

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