Rationalization of the Irrational Neuropathologic Basis of Hypothyroidism-Olfaction Disorders Paradox: Experimental Study

Ramazanoglu, Leyla; Önen, Mehmet Reşid; Yılmaz, İlhan; Aydın, Mehmet Dumlu; Altınkaynak, Konca; Çalık, Muhammet; Kanat, Ayhan

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.07.180

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Thus, the authors suggest that the future workup of patients with smell/taste loss should include investigations for thyroid functions. Besides, some of the researchers hypothesized that olfaction disorders reduce olfactory stimulation and diminished olfactory stimulus may trigger hypothyroidism [ 30 ]. Here, we also demonstrated impairment of olfactory function in pSS patients with hypothyroidism, which confirmed the association of hypothyroidism with olfactory impairment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory impairment in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome and its correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities

et al. 2021

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Objective Patients with autoimmune diseases often present with olfactory impairment. The aim of the study was to assess the olfactory functions of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome and to correlate these findings with their disease activity. Methods Fifty-two patients with primary SS and 52 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects were included. All of them underwent clinical and laboratory examination. Olfactory functions were evaluated using olfactory function assessment by computerized testing including the three stages of smell: threshold, identification, and memory of the different odors. Results All the olfactory scores (olfactory threshold, identification, and memory) in patients with pSS were significantly decreased than the control group (all P < 0.01). Patients had higher proportion of anosmia (13.5% vs 0%) and hyposmia (19.2% vs 11.5%) than controls (χ2 = 10.526, P < 0.01). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that ESSDAI and the symptoms of dryness, fatigue, and limb pain had negative influence on olfactory function (adjusted R2 = 0.381, 0.387, 0.513, and 0.614, respectively). ESSPRI showed significantly negative association with olfactory threshold, identification, memory, and total scores. Olfactory identification and memory scores were decreased in pSS patients with thyroid dysfunction or hypocomplementemia (P < 0.05). Smell threshold scores were decreased in pSS patients with anti-SSA antibody or anti-nuclear antibody compared with those without those autoantibodies (P < 0.01). Conclusion Our findings indicate that olfactory functions are impaired in pSS patients. There was a close correlation between olfactory dysfunction and disease severity and immunological abnormalities. Immune and systemic inflammation dysregulation might play a role in the mechanism of this defect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory impairment in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome and its correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities

et al. 2021

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“…The thyroid glands, superior cervical ganglia, and 11,12 Numerical results of all specimens were estimated as in our previous studies. Vagal circuitry neuron densities were calculated with the method described by Aydin et al 13 and the thyroid gland was examined as described by Aydin et al 11 Vasospasm index calculation method was used to determine the severity of the thyroidal artery spasm, as described by Ozoner et al 10 The data were analyzed using a commercially available statistics software package (SPSS ® for Windows v. 12.0, Chicago, USA). The data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.…”

Section: Histopathological Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vagosympathetic imbalance induced thyroiditis following subarachnoid hemorrhage: a preliminary study

et al. 2020

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Introduction: This preliminary study evaluates the possible responsibility of ischemia-induced vagosympathetic imbalances following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), for the onset of autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods: Twenty-two rabbits were chosen from our former experimental animals, five of which were picked from healthy rabbits as control (nG-I=5). Sham group (nG-II=5) and animals with thyroid pathologies (nG-III=12) were also included after a one-month-long experimental SAH follow-up. Thyroid hormone levels were measured weekly, and animals were decapitated. Thyroid glands, superior cervical ganglia, and intracranial parts of vagal nerve sections obtained from our tissue archives were reexamined with routine/immunohistochemical methods. Thyroid hormone levels, hormone-filled total follicle volumes (TFVs) per cubic millimeter, degenerated neuron density (DND) of vagal nuclei and neuron density of superior cervical ganglia were measured and statistically compared. Results: The mean neuron density of both superior cervical ganglia was estimated as 8230±983/ mm3 in study group animals with severe thyroiditis, 7496±787/mm3 in the sham group and 6416±510/mm3 in animals with normal thyroid glands. In control group (group I), T3 was 107±11 μg/dL, T4: 1,43±0.32 μg/dL and TSH <0.5, while mean TFV was 43%/mm3 and DND of vagal nuclei was 3±1/mm3. In sham group (group II), T3 was 96±11 μg/dL, T4: 1.21±0.9 μg/ dL and TSH>0.5 while TFV was 38%/mm3 and DND of vagal nuclei was 13±4. In study group, T3 was 54±8 μg/dL, T4: 1,07±0.3 μg/dL and TSH >0.5, while TFV was 27%/mm3 and DND of vagal nuclei was 42±9/mm3. Conclusion: Sympathovagal imbalance characterized by relative sympathetic hyperactivity based on vagal insufficiency should be considered as a new causative agent for hypothyroidism.

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“…Sars-Cov-2 (Coronavirus disease; COVID- 19), as a life-threatening infection, impacts life globally (1) . Many neurological and nonneurological complications have been reported in COVID-19 patients (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important Finding for COVID-19 Pandemic: Hydrocephalus-producing effect of Vaporized Alcohol Disinfectant

Kanat

Aydın

Şahin

et al. 2022

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg

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BACKGROUND: Alcohol exposure may cause hydrocephalus. In this study, the effect of vaporized nasal alcohol exposure on the choroid plexus, ependymal cells, and developing hydrocephalus was investigated. METHODS: 24 males (∼380g) Wistar rats were used in this study. Animals were divided into three groups, as the control, SHAM and study groups. Then, the study group was again divided into two groups as exposed to light or heavy dose alcohol. The choroid plexuses and intraventricular ependymal cells and ventricles volumes were assessed and compared. RESULTS: Degenerated epithelial cells density 22±5 /mm3 in the control group, 56±11 /mm3 in the SHAM group, 175±37 /mm3 in the light, and 356±85 /mm3 in the heavy alcohol exposure group. Evan's index was less than <34% in the control, larger than >36% in the SHAM, larger than >40% in the group which was exposed to light alcohol (light alcohol group), larger than >50% in heavy alcohol (heavy alcohol group) exposed. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that alcohol exposure causes choroid plexus and ependymal cell degeneration with ciliopathy and the enlarged lateral ventricles or hydrocephalus. In the COVID-19 Pandemic Era, our findings are functionally important; alcohol has often been used for hygiene and prevention of transmission of COVID-19 pandemic.

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Rationalization of the Irrational Neuropathologic Basis of Hypothyroidism-Olfaction Disorders Paradox: Experimental Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Olfactory impairment in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome and its correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities

Olfactory impairment in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome and its correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities

Vagosympathetic imbalance induced thyroiditis following subarachnoid hemorrhage: a preliminary study

Important Finding for COVID-19 Pandemic: Hydrocephalus-producing effect of Vaporized Alcohol Disinfectant

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