Lumbosacral pathologies can lead to infertility. Onuf's nucleus changes in these pathologies may have a role in low sperm number. This study aims to investigate the relationship between Onuf's nucleus degeneration and sperm number following spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage. 22 rabbits were used. They were divided into three groups; five of them were used as the control (GI), five as the SHAM (GII) and twelve as the study groups (GIII). The study group received 0.7 ccs autologous blood into the spinal subarachnoid space at the T12‐L1 level. After two weeks, all animals were decapitated, and S1–S3 laminectomy was done. Neurodegenerative changes of Onuf's nucleus, pudendal ganglia (S3) following two weeks after spinal SAH, were examined; sperm numbers were calculated. Degenerated neuron density of the Onuf's nucleus (n/mm3), the pudendal ganglia (S3) (n/mm3) and mean sperm numbers were calculated as 5 ± 2, 8 ± 3/mm3 and 98.345 ± 12.776/mm3 in the control (GI), 20 ± 5/mm3, 243 ± 66/mm3 and 91.841 ± 9.654/mm3 in the SHAM (GII), 143 ± 39/mm3, 2,350 ± 320/mm3 and 68.549 ± 5.540/mm3 in the study group (GIII). In conclusion, there were statistically significant differences between groups. Onuf's nucleus may be responsible for decreased sperm number following spinal SAH.

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a b d c Fig. 1 (a) Hemorrhagic lesion approximately 1 cm in diameter hanging from the urethra. (b) Urethral defect sutured with interrupted 5/ 0 PDS between the 8-4 quadrants. (c, d) The areas marked on the left and on the right of the picture are enlarged cavernous vascular structures. The thin blue arrows indicate the urethral epithelium structure. The thick blue arrows indicate urethral hemangioma.

Cerebellar haemorrhage after supratentorial craniotomy is a rare complication Because of its significant morbidity and mortality rates, being aware of this complication is important for early diagnosis. In a 30-year-old male with multiple intracranial cavernomas, remote cerebellar haemorrhage (RCH) was observed after removal of symptomatic left temporal lesion. The lateral wall of the temporal horn that was tightly attached to the cavernoma was also opened and excessive drainage of the CSF occurred. The haemorrhage is attributed to opening of the ventricle wall and excessive drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the procedure. KeywOrds: Temporal, Cavernoma, Haemorrhage ÖZSupratentoryal kranyotomilerden sonra serebellar kanama görülmesi nadir bir komplikasyondur. Önemli derecede morbidite ve mortaliteye neden olması sebebiyle bu komplikasyonun farkında olmak erken tanı için önemlidir. Çoklu intrakranyal kavernoması olan 30 yaşındaki erkek hastada, sol temporaldeki semptomatik lezyonun çıkarılmasını takiben uzak serebellar kanama tespit edildi. Kavernom duvarına sıkıca yapışık olan lateral ventrikül temporal hornu ameliyatta açılarak fazla miktarda beyin omurilik sıvısı drene oldu. Kanama nedeni olarak ameliyat esnasında açılan ventrikül duvarından fazla miktarda beyin omurilik sıvısının kaybı düşünüldü.

DEMIRCI, T.; OZMEN, S.; AYDIN, N.; AYDIN, M. D.; CAGLAR, O.; AHISKALIOGLU, A.; KARADENIZ, E. ; GUNDOGDU, B. & HACIMUFTUOGLU, A. Toward the first definition of taste rosea in female breasts: Histological analysis. Int. J. Morphol., 38(3):565-569, 2020. SUMMARY:Although various neuropsychochemical theories have been established about why breastfeeding mothers feel hedonic sensation, the underlying neural mechanism has not been adequately clarified. We aimed to investigate if there is hedonic sensation-initiated taste-bud like structures stimulated by sugars in the milk-secreting lactiferous ducts of mammary glands of breastfeeding female rats. In this study, twenty-two female rats were chosen which six of the virgin (n=6), six of pregnant (n=6) and ten of breastfeeding (n=10). We examined lactiferous ducts/nipples of mammary glands of all animals. They were sacrificed following intracardiac formalin injection, and their breast tissues were removed with covering tissues and fixed with 10 % of formalin solution. After current histological procedures, the tissues were examined by light microscope to assess taste-bud like structures, and their numerical densities were calculated by using stereological methods. Results were analyzed statistically. Taste-buds like structures with neuron-like appendages at the apical ends were discovered in lactiferous ducts. The taste rosea numbers were estimated as 3±1/mm 3 in virgins, 167±27/mm 3 in pregnant and 375±63/mm 3 in breastfeeding animals. The taste rosea numbers were greater in breastfeeding rats than those of virgins and pregnant rats. They named as taste rosea resembling flower bucket which has not been mentioned in the literature so far. T.; OZMEN, S.; AYDIN, N.; AYDIN, M. D.; CAGLAR, O.; AHISKALIOGLU, A.; KARADENIZ, E. ; GUNDOGDU, B. & HACIMUFTUOGLU, A. Toward the first definition of taste rosea in female breasts: Histological analysis. Int. J. Morphol., 38(3):565-569, 2020. DEMIRCI,