Rational Design of Bifunctional Microporous Organic Polymers Containing Anthracene and Triphenylamine Units for Energy Storage and Biological Applications

Abstract

In this study, we synthesized two conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), An-Ph-TPA and An-Ph-Py CMPs, using the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. These CMPs are organic polymers with p-conjugated skeletons and persistent micro-porosity and contain anthracene (An) moieties linked to triphenylamine (TPA) and pyrene (Py) units. We characterized the chemical structures, porosities, thermal stabilities, and morphologies of the newly synthesized An-CMPs using spectroscopic, microscopic, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm techniques. Our results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the An-Ph-TPA CMP displayed better thermal stability with Td10 = 467 °C and char yield of 57 wt% compared to the An-Ph-Py CMP with Td10 = 355 °C and char yield of 54 wt%. Furthermore, we evaluated the electrochemical performance of the An-linked CMPs and found that the An-Ph-TPA CMP had a higher capacitance of 116 F g−1 and better capacitance stability of 97% over 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1. In addition, we assessed the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of An-linked CMPs using the MTT assay and a live/dead cell viability assay and observed that they were non-toxic and biocompatible with high cell viability values after 24 or 48 h of incubation. These findings suggest that the An-based CMPs synthesized in this study have potential applications in electrochemical testing and the biological field.

Rationally Engineered Ultrastable Three-Dimensional (3D) Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Triptycene, Tetraphenylethene, and Benzothiadiazole Units as Exceptional High-Performance Organic Electrodes for Supercapacitors

“…Triptycene (Try, 98%), bromine (Br 2 ), copper­(I) iodide (CuI, 99.5%), triphenylphosphine (PPh 3 , 99%), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 , 99.9%), 99.9%, anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 , 99.5%), dimethylformamide (DMF), methanol (MeOH), dichloromethane (DCM), tetrakis­(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) [Pd­(PPh 3 ) 4 ], and triethylamine (Et 3 N, 99.5%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar and Sigma-Aldrich. In accordance with our earlier investigations, we effectively prepared the precursors essential for synthesizing 1,3,6,8-tetrakis­(2-(trimethylsilyl)­ethynyl)­pyrene (PyT-Si 4 ) and 1,1,2,2-tetrakis­(4-((trimethylsilyl)­ethynyl)­phenyl)­ethane (TPET-Si 4 ). − …”

Rational Design of Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Based on Pyrene and Perylene Units as High-Performance Organic Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor Applications

“…TPA (1.63 mmol) was placed . To this flask, NBS (4.8 g, 4.92 mmol) was added, which was previously dissolved in DMF (24 mL) in a dropwise manner.…”

“…TPA (1.63 mmol) was placed. 18 To this flask, NBS (4.8 g, 4.92 mmol) was added, which was previously dissolved in DMF (24 mL) in a dropwise manner. The reaction mixture was kept in an ice bath with magnetic stirring overnight.…”

“…They find applications in various electronic devices, memory backup systems, and electric vehicles . SCs can be divided into two categories: electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudo-capacitors, based on different charge storage processes. ,− Among these, EDLCs, known for their exceptionally long cycle lifetimes, high power densities, low maintenance costs, and environmentally friendly compositions, are widely used as energy storage devices. ,− Overall, SCs, particularly EDLCs, are highly favored energy storage solutions due to their remarkable characteristics and wide range of applications. In the field of SCs, the commonly used electrode materials include metal oxides and hydroxides, porous carbon materials, and conductive polymers .…”

Donor–acceptor-based two-dimensional polymer as a supercapacitor electrode with long cycling stability

“…However, the merit of a supercapacitor is the rapid transfer of a substantial number of charges in a short time. 4–13 Thus, the supercapacitor can be classified as a high-power energy device useful for the application in electric vehicles, mobile base stations, electronic devices, power for flashes, portable speakers, windmills and others.…”