Rational Design of Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Based on Pyrene and Perylene Units as High-Performance Organic Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor Applications

Abstract

We successfully synthesized three perylene dianhydride (PDI)-based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), namely, Py-Ph-Pery, TPE-Ph-Pery, and TPA-Ph-Pery CMPs, through a Suzuki−Miyaura coupling reaction. The precursors used in the reaction contained brominated compounds of pyrene (Py), tetraphenylethylene (TPE), triphenylamine (TPA), and 1,4benzeneboronic acid, which were coupled with redox-active PDI unit. To evaluate the thermal stability, molecular structure, and porosity properties of the synthesized CMPs, we conducted an examination of their Brunauer−Emmett−Teller isotherm, along with spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. These CMPs demonstrated moderate thermal stability based on thermogravimetric analysis. In terms of electrochemical performance, the Py-Ph-Pery CMP exhibited a high capacitance of 300 F g −1 (measured at 0.5 A g −1 ), indicating its excellent capacitive properties. Furthermore, the Py-Ph-Pery CMP displayed exceptional cycle stability at 10 A g −1 , retaining more than 93% of its capacity over 5000 cycles. The findings illustrate the potential of these CMPs for reliable and durable energy storage applications. Additionally, we utilized synthesized CMPs to assess the electrochemical characteristics of a symmetric coin supercapacitor. The results further validate the suitability of these CMPs for practical electrical energy storage applications, highlighting their significant promise.

Dispersion of ultrastable crown-ether-functionalized triphenylamine and pyrene-linked porous organic conjugated polymers with single-walled carbon nanotubes as high-performance electrodes for supercapacitors

“…Previously, we successfully synthesized dibenzo-crown ether-2NH 2 (CE-2NH 2 ) with high purity and high yield. 43 Here, CE-2NH 2 was reacted with 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene in the presence of K Polymer Chemistry Paper erature, and the 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra are displayed in Fig. 1 According to the definition of IUPAC, CE-Py POP exhibited type III adsorption/desorption isotherms, and the specific surface area and total pore volume were 28 m 2 g −1 and 0.2 cm 3 g −1 , respectively.…”

“…Paradoxically, even CP materials with substantial intrinsic charge storage capabilities may not lead to proportionate gains in overall storage capacity for the final device. Researchers have directed their attention toward the advancement of electrode material components and topologies in order to circumvent the limitations associated with supercapacitors [11][12][13][14] Porous organic polymers (POPs), such as CMPs, COFs, and CNTs, have garnered significant attention as electrode materials for electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). The incorporation of these materials brings forth numerous advantages, such as affordability, chemical stability, and widespread availability.…”

Rationally Engineered Ultrastable Three-Dimensional (3D) Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Triptycene, Tetraphenylethene, and Benzothiadiazole Units as Exceptional High-Performance Organic Electrodes for Supercapacitors

“…Porous organic polymers (POPs) could be synthesized from several organic routes such as Suzuki coupling (organoboronic acid and halides), Sonogashira (carbon–carbon bond between a terminal alkyne and an aryl or vinyl halide), Heck (aryl halides or vinyl halides and activated alkenes), and others. − POPs could have some potential applications including gas storage and separation, energy storage such as supercapacitors and batteries, catalysis, sensing, drug delivery, and water purifications. − Compared with the covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with highly crystalline properties as well as extensively developed materials, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are a kind of amorphous polymer with a unique π-electron conjugated skeleton. The rich π-electron on the conducting polymers results in the comprehensive exhibition of electrical, optical, and magnetic properties.…”

Systematic Design and Synthesis of Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Pyrene and Azobenzene Building Materials for High-Performance Energy Storage

“…Energy exerts a profound impact on our quality of life and underpins our societal and economic advancements. , In a world heavily reliant on energy, electrochemical technologies for energy storage emerge as indispensable tools to combat the depletion of fossil fuels. − While various options are available to meet these needs, such as harnessing sustainable energy sources including wind, solar, and geothermal power, these sources are not without limitations. − They not only focus on electricity generation but also grapple with resource scarcity. ,, Amid these considerations, supercapacitors (SCs) have garnered considerable importance as promising devices that hold energy due to their exceptional attributes. Notably, they boast a high density of power, swift charge and discharge capabilities, as well as extended durability throughout their operational cycles. , …”