RATES AND POTENTIAL CAUSES OF MORTALITY IN NORTH ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES (<i>EUBALAENA GLACIALIS</i>)

Kraus, Scott D.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1990.tb00358.x

Cited by 168 publications

(204 citation statements)

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“…LAJAM 6(1): 43-69, Carcasses with propeller marks on the dorsum or with cleanly severed flukes were most likely hit when alive (Kraus, 1990). Dead whales floating due to positive buoyancy or decomposition gases typically turn belly-up, with tail and flukes hanging down in the water column unlikely to be damaged by propellers (Kraus, 1990).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scars or injuries on fins following killer whale attacks show irregular borders that often can be differentiated from propeller trauma in which cut surfaces are more likely to be clean, often linear (see e.g. figure 2 in Kraus, 1990). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dead whales floating due to positive buoyancy or decomposition gases typically turn belly-up, with tail and flukes hanging down in the water column unlikely to be damaged by propellers (Kraus, 1990).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study identified 56 collision reports (many lethal) for the southern right whale in six range states, suggesting that this species is the most severely impacted SH large whale. This situation should be carefully monitored taken into account that the longterm survival of the North Atlantic right whale is directly compromised by collisions (Kraus, 1990;IWC, 2001;Knowlton and Kraus, 2001;Moore et al, 2004). Concern should be raised also for SH humpback and Bryde's whales (each with 13 collision reports) and sperm whales (8 reports) and their status in relation to ship traffic should be closely monitored.…”

Section: Wide Range Of Potential Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kraus, 1990;Knowlton et al, 1997;Wells and Scott, 1997;Visser, 1999;Knowlton and Kraus, 2001;Laist et al, 2001;IWC, 2003;Jensen and Silber, 2004;Norman et al, 2004;Silber et al, 2004;de Stephanis et al, 2005 11 ;Félix and Van Waerebeek, 2005;Weinrich, 2005;Panigada et al, 2006;Van Waerebeek et al, 2006). For purposes of management, lethal collisions with cetaceans are considered equivalent to bycatch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vessel collisions with small cetaceans worldwide and with large whales in the Southern Hemisphere, an initial assessment

Waerebeek¹,

Baker²,

Félix³

et al. 2007

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

174

170

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ABSTRACT:Collisions with vessels are a well-documented conservation problem for some populations of large whales (LW) in the Northern Hemisphere. Less attention has been given to incidents in the Southern Hemisphere or to small cetaceans (SC) worldwide, therefore an experimental database was compiled (N=256; 119 LW, 137 SC) to allow a rapid assessment. Confirmed collision records were identified for 25 species (7 LW, 18 SC) and unconfirmed but probable records for 10 other species (2 LW, 8 SC). Among LW, ship-caused mortality and traumatic injuries seem to affect primarily southern right (56 reported cases), humpback (15) and Bryde's whales (13), but also sperm (8), blue (5), sei (4) and fin whales (2) are involved, and probably Antarctic minke and dwarf minke whales. Southern right whale populations off South Africa and off eastern South America (Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina) suffer significant mortality. Incidence and potential population impact vary widely among the 26 small cetacean species for which collision records exist. Vessel strikes in at least two populations each of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Xiamen and Hong Kong/Pearl River, possibly western Taiwan), Irrawaddy dolphin (Mahakam River, Chilika Lagoon, possibly Laos) and finless porpoise (Yangtze River, Hong Kong) may directly compromise long-term survival. Annual vessel-caused mortality (min. 2.9% of population) for Irrawaddy dolphins in the Mahakam River may not be sustainable. The quasi-extinction of the baiji warns for a potential similar fate for the Yangtze River finless porpoise and Ganges river dolphin. Two calves of the endangered Hector's dolphin are known killed by boats. All highly impacted species have a neritic, estuarine or fluviatile habitat, areas where vessel traffic is concentrated. Species that may receive a moderate impact from collisions but which may be sustainable at species level (because many strikes are nonlethal), include common bottlenose dolphins, killer whales, short-finned pilot whales and pygmy sperm whales. Almost 2% of common bottlenose dolphins in the Gulf of Guayaquil showed propeller-inflicted injuries and scars. Propeller guards should be made compulsory for all boat-based cetacean tourism, as habituation to boat traffic seems a contributing factor in accidents. Low impact occurs in 15 small cetacean species with only few reported vessel strikes. However, vast underreporting is thought to be the norm and there is a need for a global, standardised database. RESUMEN:Las colisiones con barcos constituyen un problema de conservación bien documentado en el caso de ballenas grandes (BG) en el hemisferio norte. Menos atención se le ha brindado a los incidentes en el hemisferio sur y a los cetáceos menores (CM) alrededor del mundo. A fin de realizar una evaluación rápida de este problema se ha compilado una base de datos preliminar (N=256; 119 BG, 137 CM), la cual incluye registros confirmados de colisión para 25 especies (7 BG, 18 CM) y registros no confirmados pero probables para otras 10 (2 BG, 8 CM). Entre B...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wide Range Of Potential Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Vessel collisions with small cetaceans worldwide and with large whales in the Southern Hemisphere, an initial assessment

Waerebeek¹,

Baker²,

Félix³

et al. 2007

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

174

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Measures to Reduce Interactions of Marine Megafauna with Fishing Operations

Rihan

2010

Behavior of Marine Fishes

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Monitoring tourism schooners observing estuarine dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in the Estuarine Complex of Cananéia, south‐east Brazil

Filla

Monteiro‐Filho

2009

Aquatic Conservation

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1. Surveys were carried out between December 2004 and March 2006 on board tourism schooners to detect possible impacts due to tourist activities on estuarine dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in the Estuarine Complex of Canane´ia.2. The estuarine dolphins exhibited different reactions according to the different periods of time that the boats remained close to them: the longer the period, the estuarine dolphins reacted less negatively, and for periods between 2 and 30 min, more positive reactions were observed.3. Estuarine dolphin reactions also varied according to the different procedures followed by the skippers. The approach methods considered 'correct' resulted in a positive reaction from 97% of the animals encountered and 100% of occasions where there were no apparent reactions.4. Direct approaches to within less than 50 m were responsible for a large number of negative reactions from the estuarine dolphins. Procedures classified as 'chasing' and 'direct approach with no intention of stopping' had a 100% negative reaction. If the skippers used a correct approach, estuarine dolphins reacted positively or did not show any reaction.

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RATES AND POTENTIAL CAUSES OF MORTALITY IN NORTH ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES (EUBALAENA GLACIALIS)

Cited by 168 publications

References 10 publications

Vessel collisions with small cetaceans worldwide and with large whales in the Southern Hemisphere, an initial assessment

Vessel collisions with small cetaceans worldwide and with large whales in the Southern Hemisphere, an initial assessment

Measures to Reduce Interactions of Marine Megafauna with Fishing Operations

Monitoring tourism schooners observing estuarine dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in the Estuarine Complex of Cananéia, south‐east Brazil

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