Rapid inactivation of airborne porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus using an atmospheric pressure air plasma

Nayak, Gaurav; Andrews, Austin J.; Marabella, Ian; Aboubakr, Hamada A.; Goyal, Sagar M.; Olson, Bernard A.; Torremorell, Montserrat; Bruggeman, Peter

doi:10.1002/ppap.201900269

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…[ 20,21 ] CAPs generate many reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as O 3 , NO, NO 2 , N 2 O 5 , HNO 2 , HNO 3 , ONOO − , H 2 O 2 ,

• {normalO normalH}

, and many other reactive species, that can react with the airborne particles and mediate various oxidative processes. [ 22–25 ] Due to the associated electric field, nonthermal plasmas (NTPs) can alter particle transport by inducing a negative charge on the particles, thus imparting charge‐driven filtration as well as trapping of these particles. In this way, plasma can simultaneously act as a particle filter as well as a disinfection technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold atmospheric plasma inactivation of aerosolized microdroplets containing bacteria and purified SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA to contrast airborne indoor transmission

Bisag

Isabelli

Laurita

et al. 2020

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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One of the major concerns in the COVID-19 pandemic is related to the possible transmission in poorly ventilated spaces of SARS-CoV-2 through aerosol microdroplets, which can remain in the air for long periods of time and be transmitted to others over distances >1 m. Cold atmospheric pressure plasmas can represent a promising solution, thanks to their ability in producing a blend of many reactive species, which can inactivate the airborne aerosolized microorganisms. In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge plasma source is used to directly inactivate suitably produced bioaerosols containing Staphylococcus epidermidis or purified SARS-CoV-2 RNA flowing through it. Results show that for low residence times (<0.2 s) in the plasma region a 3.7 log R on bacterial bioaerosol and degradation of viral RNA can be achieved. K E Y W O R D S bioaerosol, cold plasma, inactivation, indoor airborne transmission, SARS-CoV-2 Alina Bisag and Pasquale Isabelli contributed equally to this study.

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“…[ 20,21 ] CAPs generate many reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as O 3 , NO, NO 2 , N 2 O 5 , HNO 2 , HNO 3 , ONOO − , H 2 O 2 ,

• {normalO normalH}

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way, plasma can simultaneously act as a particle filter as well as a disinfection technology. [ 23,26,27 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold atmospheric plasma inactivation of aerosolized microdroplets containing bacteria and purified SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA to contrast airborne indoor transmission

Bisag

Isabelli

Laurita

et al. 2020

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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“…[ 29 ] The experiments with the nebulizer positioned upstream and downstream of the plasma source at least showed that 31% of the reduced number of cfu can be attributed to long‐lived species. Nevertheless, attempts with an even more differentiative perspective for parasitic inactivation effects, similar to Nayak et al [ 27 ] using the impinger method, can be considered for future works.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals, singlet oxygen, or nitric oxide are important precursors in the peroxynitrous acid chemistry. [ 15,27 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inactivation of airborne bacteria by plasma treatment and ionic wind for indoor air cleaning

Prehn

Timmermann

Kettlitz

et al. 2020

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Airborne bacteria are a general problem in medical or health care facilities with a high risk for nosocomial infections. Rooms with a continuous airflow, such as operation theaters, are of particular importance due to a possible dissemination and circulation of pathogens including multidrug‐resistant microorganisms. In this regard, a cold atmospheric‐pressure plasma (CAP) may be a possibility to support usual disinfection procedures due to its decontaminating properties. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of a plasma decontamination module that included a dielectric barrier discharge for plasma generation. Experimental parameters such as an airflow velocity of 4.5 m/s and microbial contaminations of approximately 6,000 colony‐forming units (cfu)/m3 were used to simulate practical conditions of a ventilation system in an operating theater. The apathogenic microorganism Escherichia coli K12 DSM 11250/NCTC 10538 and the multidrug‐resistant strains E. coli 21181 and 21182 (isolated from patients) were tested to determine the antimicrobial efficacy. In summary, the number of cfu was reduced by 31–89% for the tested E. coli strains, whereby E. coli K12 was the most susceptible strain toward inactivation by the designed plasma module. A possible correlation between the number or kind of resistances and susceptibility against plasma was discussed. The inactivation of microorganisms was affected by plasma intensity and size of the plasma treatment area. In addition, the differences of the antimicrobial efficacies caused through the nebulization of microorganisms in front (upstream) or behind (downstream) the plasma source were compared. The presence of ionic wind had no influence on the reduction of the number of cfu for E. coli K12, as the airflow velocity was too high for a successful precipitation, which would be a prerequisite for an increased antimicrobial efficacy. The inactivation of the tested microorganisms confirms the potential of CAP for the improvement of air quality. The scale‐up of this model system may provide a novel tool for an effective air cleaning process.

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Special issue: Advanced applications of plasmas in Life Sciences 2020

Favia

Sardella

Tanaka

2020

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Rapid inactivation of airborne porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus using an atmospheric pressure air plasma

Cited by 42 publications

References 88 publications

Cold atmospheric plasma inactivation of aerosolized microdroplets containing bacteria and purified SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA to contrast airborne indoor transmission

Cold atmospheric plasma inactivation of aerosolized microdroplets containing bacteria and purified SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA to contrast airborne indoor transmission

Inactivation of airborne bacteria by plasma treatment and ionic wind for indoor air cleaning

Special issue: Advanced applications of plasmas in Life Sciences 2020

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