Rapid determination of cyanide in human plasma and urine by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with two-step derivatization

Development of an Analytical Protocol for Determination of Cyanide in Human Biological Samples Based on Application of Ion Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection

“…Most methodologies of preparing samples for the determination of total cyanide content consist of adding sodium hydroxide to pH greater than 12, which results in trapping the volatile forms of cyanides and then in carrying out the distillation operation. Spectrophotometric techniques [9–11], which have been used for many years, are now mostly replaced by chromatographic ones (both GC [12, 13] and LC [14]), which are characterized by higher selectivity and sensitivity, while capillary electrophoresis [15] is rarely used.…”

Ultra-sensitive determination of cyanide in surface water by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after derivatization with 2-(dimethylamino)ethanethiol

“…Cyanide can also be derivatized to cyanogen chloride [45], hydrogen cyanide [46,47], and pentafluorobenzyl cyanide [48,49] in biological samples or aqueous phases. GC coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) was utilized for the selective and sensitive determination of cyanide in biological samples [51][52][53][54][55]. These methods have disadvantages, including the use of complex derivatization steps [51] and high detection limits [51][52][53][54].…”

“…GC coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) was utilized for the selective and sensitive determination of cyanide in biological samples [51][52][53][54][55]. These methods have disadvantages, including the use of complex derivatization steps [51] and high detection limits [51][52][53][54]. Moreover, most of the methods reported are for cyanide determination in biological samples [51][52][53][54][55], and comparable methods in environmental water are limited in number [49].…”

“…These methods have disadvantages, including the use of complex derivatization steps [51] and high detection limits [51][52][53][54]. Moreover, most of the methods reported are for cyanide determination in biological samples [51][52][53][54][55], and comparable methods in environmental water are limited in number [49]. One of the most sensitive determination methods for cyanide in water was accomplished by fluorescent derivatization of cyanide with o-phthalaldehyde [33], in which the detection limit of cyanide was determined to be at trace levels to 0.1 mg L À1 .…”

Derivatization Method of Free Cyanide Including Cyanogen Chloride for the Sensitive Analysis of Cyanide in Chlorinated Drinking Water by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…GC coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) has been utilized for the selective and sensitive determination of cyanide in biological samples. 22 30 and metal−ligand reagents. 33,37,38 Many LC-MS/ MS methods for determining cyanide in biological samples that do not employ derivatization have been developed.…”