Rapid determination and continuous monitoring of propofol in microliter whole blood sample during anesthesia by paper spray ionization-mass spectrometry

Design of Two-Mode Spectroscopic Sensor for Biomedical Applications: Analysis and Measurement of Relative Intensity Noise through Control Mechanism

“…In contrast, our method just utilizes two FBGs and laser system to conduct the complete experimentation, within a small fraction of average time. Moreover, the curve in [69] is calibrated and linearized in the measurement range of 50-100 µL, whereas it has a declining slope in this work, implying an increased sensitivity. In a similar manner, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using selected-ion monitoring mode has been engaged for propofol detection in brain, liver and adipose tissue in postmortem [70].…”

“…The detection of propofol can be done through single mode spectroscopic techniques. Using paper spray ionization-mass spectrometry [69], this anesthetic drug has been detected in blood sample by mixing it with methanol and dimethylphenol, and using the extraction principle later afterwards with significant time slots. This involves expensive chemical substances, as well as non-economical precipitating and vortexing equipment that leads to infusion of these concentrations.…”

Applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry in 2021: An annual review

“…Propofol is a commonly used drug for general anaesthesia and, therefore, maintaining suitable concentrations in the body through the duration of medical procedures is critical. Recently, a PSI strategy was developed to enable the rapid detection of propofol in whole blood 50 . Although the method necessitated some sample preparation in the form of vortexing the whole blood with methanol prior to application to the paper substrate, an overall analysis time of less than 2 minutes per sample was achieved, providing a suitable method for rapid near‐real‐time drug monitoring.…”

Potential of desorption electrospray ionization and paper spray ionization with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the screening of sports doping agents in urine

“…These techniques have been proposed for the analysis of different families of drugs in complex biological fluids such as urine and blood, mainly in pharmacology and forensic applications. 8,13–35 In the field of doping control, DESI has been used for the analysis of clenbuterol in urine pretreated with solid phase extraction 26 and for the analysis of anabolic steroids in urine by reactive DESI. 22 PSI has been applied to the analysis and/or quantitation of a couple of stimulants, 13,21 a combination of two steroids and two diuretics 18 and a limited number of very polar compounds.…”