Raised Plasma Cortisol Concentrations a Feature of Drug-Free Psychotics and not Specific for Depression

Christie, J. E.; Whalley, Lawrence J.; Dick, H.; Blackwood, D.; Blackburn, I. M.; Fink, George

doi:10.1192/bjp.148.1.58

Cited by 72 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Total plasma cortisol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) using a modification of the method of Seth and Brown [9] as described by Christie et al [10]. ACTH was measured by double-antibody RIA on unextracted plasma as described previously by Fink et al [11].…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Variation of Adrenocortical Activity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

et al. 1998

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Baseline morning and evening serum cortisol and ACTH concentrations, and diurnal changes in hormone levels, were measured in 30 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) but without concurrent depressive disorder and a control group of 15 weight-, age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Morning cortisol levels were non-significantly lower in CFS patients, while evening levels were non-significantly higher. ACTH concentrations were non-significantly higher in both the morning and evening. The diurnal change in cortisol levels was significantly less in CFS than in controls (p < 0.05). In CFS subjects, evening levels of cortisol correlated significantly with measures of general health and physical functioning, while diurnal change in cortisol was positively correlated with measures of functional improvement over the past year and current social functioning. These results suggest that there is a relationship between adrenocortical function and disability in CFS, but do not reveal the causal connection.

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Variation of Adrenocortical Activity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

et al. 1998

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“…4) The HPA axis has been postulated to play an important role in the functions of 5-HT 2A receptors. The psychoneuroendocrine mechanism whereby steroid hormones regulate 5-HT 2A receptor function will impact our understanding of hypercortisolism, a condition typical of affective disorders and treatment-resistant depression, 5) and the effect of tricyclic antidepressants. 6) Kuroda et al have reported that, in rats, chronic treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) increases the binding of [ 3 H]-Ketanserin to 5-HT 2A receptors in the forebrain neocortex.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Imipramine and Bupropion on the Duration of Immobility of ACTH-Treated Rats in the Forced Swim Test: Involvement of the Expression of 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> Receptor mRNA

Kitamura

Fujitani

Kitagawa

et al. 2008

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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We examined the effect of chronic administration of imipramine and bupropion, monoamine reuptake inhibitors, on the duration of immobility in the forced swim test and serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor function in the form of 5-HT 2A receptor mRNA levels in rats chronically treated with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The immobility-decreasing effect of bupropion without imipramine did not influence the chronic ACTH treatment. The effect on the expression of 5-HT 2A receptor mRNA of chronic ACTH treatment was decreased by bupropion, but not imipramine. These results suggest that bupropion has the effect of reducing immobility time in the forced swim test in the tricyclic antidepressant-resistant depressive model induced by chronic ACTH treatment in rats, and that decreased 5-HT 2A receptor mRNA levels may be involved in this phenomenon.

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“…a difference in cortisol level was found at only one time point measured. Christie et al (1986) and Whalley et al (1985) found elevated afternoon but not morning or evening cortisol in schizophrenia patients recently admitted to hospital ( p < 0.05 and p < 0.02, respectively). The study reported by van Cauter et al (1991) found no difference in 24-h cortisol in drug-free, recently hospitalized, acutely ill patients but the early sleep mean (00:00–04:00) was significantly higher in schizophrenia patients than in controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

A randomised controlled study of risperidone and olanzapine for schizophrenic patients with neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia or parkinsonism

Chan

Chang

Chiang³

et al. 2008

J Psychopharmacol

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There is convincing evidence that environmental stress plays a significant role in modifying both mental and physical health. The biological mechanisms linking stress to ill health are not fully understood, but significant evidence points to a central role of the stress axes; the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Together these two systems link the brain and the body and are crucial in maintaining homeostasis as well as improving an organism’s survival chances in the face of environmental challenge. There is evidence of altered HPA axis function in people with a range of mental disorders, and this may in part explain the poor physical health of people with psychotic, mood and anxiety disorders. This paper systematically reviews HPA axis function in people with schizophrenia and relates this to the pattern of physical health seen in this disease. In summary, the evidence suggests people with schizophrenia can experience both hyper- and hypo-function of the HPA axis. It is likely that this contributes to the pattern of poor physical health and premature mortality suffered by people with schizophrenia, in particular the high rates of cardiovascular and metabolic disturbance.

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Raised Plasma Cortisol Concentrations a Feature of Drug-Free Psychotics and not Specific for Depression

Cited by 72 publications

References 31 publications

Diurnal Variation of Adrenocortical Activity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Diurnal Variation of Adrenocortical Activity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Effects of Imipramine and Bupropion on the Duration of Immobility of ACTH-Treated Rats in the Forced Swim Test: Involvement of the Expression of 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> Receptor mRNA

A randomised controlled study of risperidone and olanzapine for schizophrenic patients with neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia or parkinsonism

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