Continuous Performance Test deficits are stable vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia, mediating indicators for bipolar disorder, and state-dependent indicators for major depression.

We report the first genome-wide association study in 1000 bipolar I patients and 1000 controls, with a replication of the top hits in another 409 cases and 1000 controls in the Han Chinese population. Four regions with most strongly associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected, of which three were not found in previous GWA studies in the Caucasian populations. Among them, SNPs close to specificity protein 8 (SP8) and ST8 a-Nacetyl-neuraminide a-2,8-sialyltransferase (ST8SIA2) are associated with Bipolar I, with Pvalues of 4.87 Â 10 À7 (rs2709736) and 6.05 Â 10 À6 (rs8040009), respectively. We have also identified SNPs in potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 12 gene (KCTD12) (rs2073831, P = 9.74 Â 10 À6 ) and in CACNB2 (Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, b-2 subunit) gene (rs11013860, P = 5.15 Â 10 À5 ), One SNP nearby the rs1938526 SNP of ANK3 gene and another SNP nearby the SNP rs11720452 in chromosome 3 reported in previous GWA studies also showed suggestive association in this study (P = 6.55 Â 10 À5 and P = 1.48 Â 10 À5 , respectively). This may suggest that there are common and population-specific susceptibility genes for bipolar I disorder.

Genetic variations in GADL1 are associated with the response to lithium maintenance treatment for bipolar I disorder in patients of Han Chinese descent. (Funded by Academia Sinica and others.).

• DE-CESM improves the cancer diagnosis in dense breasts compared with mammography. • DE-CESM shows greater consistency than mammography alone by interobserver blind reading. • Diagnostic improvement of DE-CESM is independent of the mammographic reading experience.

Epidemiologic data on treatment resistant depression (TRD) in Asia-Pacific countries are limited. We estimated the incidence of TRD in Taiwan using a cohort of 704,265 adults randomly sampled from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research database for 2005. TRD was defined as a patient having pharmaceutically treated depression (PTD) not adequately responding to 2 antidepressant (AD) regimens, i.e., AD regimens that were followed by other AD regimens. Among 2751 PTD subjects, 576 (20.94%, 95% CI: 19.46, 22.49) developed TRD, a proportion similar to that in North American studies. TRD incidence was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.89) cases /1000 population in 2005, increased with age, and was higher in females than in males. SSRI's were the most frequently used ADs. Augmentation with antipsychotics was common. The median time from PTD onset (first AD medication) to TRD onset was 416 days but psychiatrists practicing in Taiwan indicated they would switch within <=3 months if an AD medication was not effective. We therefore repeated the analysis with a 6 months cap on time from onset of PTD to TRD. In this supplemental, post-hoc, analysis, 68 PTD subjects, 2.47%, (95% CI: 1.94, 3.10) developed TRD; i.e., 0.10 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.12) incident cases/1000 population.

The results of this study provide objective data on the effectiveness of silver-related dressing when applied to non-healing chronic wounds.

Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a patterned repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, was applied over the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to explore its impact in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Among 25 adults with ASD, 19 (mean age: 20.8 years) completed the randomized, sham-controlled, crossover trial. Every participant received iTBS over the bilateral DLPFC, bilateral pSTS and inion (as a sham control stimulation) in a randomized order with a 1-week interval. Neuropsychological functions were assessed using the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CCPT) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Behavioral outcomes were measured using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). In comparison to that in the sham stimulation, the reaction time in the CCPT significantly decreased following single DLPFC session (p = 0.04, effect size = 0.71) while there were no significant differences in the CCPT and WCST following single pSTS session. Besides, the results in behavioral outcomes were inconsistent and had discrepancy between reports of parents and patients. In conclusion, a single session of iTBS over the bilateral DLPFC may alter the neuropsychological function in adults with ASD. The impacts of multiple-sessions iTBS over the DLPFC or pSTS deserve further investigations.

This review strengthens the case for the use of silver dressings when managing infected chronic wounds. They appear more effective and are tolerated well by patients. However, their use should be accompanied by a comprehensive wound assessment.