Rain Attenuation Measurements and Analysis at 73 GHz E-Band Link in Tropical Region

Al-Samman, Ahmed M.; Mohamed, Marshed; Ai, Yun; Cheffena, Michael; Azmi, Marwan Hadri; Rahman, Tharek Abd

doi:10.1109/lcomm.2020.2983361

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition, some parameters of the Tx and Rx have been taken into account from LOS measurements that have been carried out on 5G carrier links [48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Ppt System Parameters and Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall and Diffraction Modeling for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Fixed Systems

Shamsan

2020

IEEE Access

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Rain attenuation is the main practical problem that confronts wireless signals specifically when it uses millimeter-waves for fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. In addition, due to that the urban environments are characterized by many high buildings act as diffraction objects can block the signal path and produce non-line of sight (NLOS) situations. These diffraction materials can cause further considerable losses that disturb the received power at the 5G receiver. This paper proposes a new model can investigate the influence of both precipitation and diffraction phenomena on wireless point to point (PPT) communication systems. This new research work utilizes measured rainfall data and actual scenarios in an urban environment to simulate the wireless PPT system and examine the influence of rainfall and knife-edge diffraction (KED) on the performance of the PPT system and signal strength at the receiver. Several durations of exceedances of rain rates and various operation scenarios have been employed to study and analyze the status of 5G wireless system links. The results indicated that there is an exchange of the effect of rain and KED diffraction in the lower millimeter-waves compared to the higher millimeter-waves. This study declares that at higher frequency bands the rain attenuation is observed to be greater, the diffraction loss is higher, and the path loss is also larger compared to the effect of these three factors seen at lower frequency bands. Furthermore, specific carrier frequencies, as in the case of 60 GHz, undergo extra huge atmospheric absorption loss which can diminish the communication coverage of the PPT system link.

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“…In addition, some parameters of the Tx and Rx have been taken into account from LOS measurements that have been carried out on 5G carrier links [48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Ppt System Parameters and Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall and Diffraction Modeling for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Fixed Systems

Shamsan

2020

IEEE Access

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“…The inverse distance weighting (IDW) technique as per Equation ( 1 ) can be used to determine the rainfall rate at ungauged locations [ 20 , 21 ]:

where N is the number of rain gauges. The rain value

depends on the location of

in the estimated position p is given by Equation ( 1 ), and

is given by Equation ( 2 ):

…”

Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inverse distance weighting (IDW) technique as per Equation ( 1) can be used to determine the rainfall rate at ungauged locations [20,21]:…”

Section: Rain Rate Prediction From Spatial Interpolation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links—Current Research Challenges and State-of-the-Art

Samad

Diba

Choi

2021

Sensors

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Millimeter-wave (30–300 GHz) frequency is a promising candidate for 5G and beyond wireless networks, but atmospheric elements limit radio links at this frequency band. Rainfall is the significant atmospheric element that causes attenuation in the propagated wave, which needs to estimate for the proper operation of fade mitigation technique (FMT). Many models have been proposed in the literature to estimate rain attenuation. Various models have a distinct set of input parameters along with separate estimation mechanisms. This survey has garnered multiple techniques that can generate input dataset for the rain attenuation models. This study extensively investigates the existing terrestrial rain attenuation models. There is no survey of terrestrial rain mitigation models to the best of our knowledge. In this article, the requirements of this survey are first discussed, with various dataset developing techniques. The terrestrial links models are classified, and subsequently, qualitative and quantitative analyses among these terrestrial rain attenuation models are tabulated. Also, a set of error performance evaluation techniques is introduced. Moreover, there is a discussion of open research problems and challenges, especially the exigency for developing a rain attenuation model for the short-ranged link in the E-band for 5G and beyond networks.

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“…In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, rain attenuation and rainfall measurements were collected for 1.8 km of path link and for a period of one year from September 2017 to 2018 [65]. The measurements were conducted at 73.5 GHz (E-band), while three rain gauges had been installed along the path.…”

Section: Rainfall Measurements Through Backhaul Cellular Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Earth-to-Earth Microwave Rain Attenuation Measurements: A Survey On the Recent Literature

et al. 2020

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Many works have been conducted relevant to rainfall measurements, while the first relevant ones were based on the power loss estimation function from wireless links located back to the early 1940s. It is notable, though, that this innovative idea conduced to many theoretical models correlating the signal attenuation to the rainfall intensity. This type of parameter strongly contributes to the mechanism of frequency attenuation above 10 GHz. Consequently, in the last twenty years, there has been a significant boost to this research topic. Researchers all around the world have worked thoroughly on the issue of estimating rain with the use of earth-to-earth microwave signal attenuation. Nevertheless, the issue remains intriguing and challenging. This paper presents a literature survey, of the last decade, on this challenging issue focusing on measurements from backhaul cellular microwave links and experimental setups. Research challenges and future trends are also presented.

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Rain Attenuation Measurements and Analysis at 73 GHz E-Band Link in Tropical Region

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Rainfall and Diffraction Modeling for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Fixed Systems

Rainfall and Diffraction Modeling for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Fixed Systems

A Survey of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links—Current Research Challenges and State-of-the-Art

Earth-to-Earth Microwave Rain Attenuation Measurements: A Survey On the Recent Literature

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